Isijikelezi-langa sethu sihlala sijongene nezinto ezahlukeneyo iingxaki zokusingqongileyo. Uninzi lwazo luvela ekusetyenzisweni ngokugqithiseleyo kwemithombo yendalo ngesantya esikhawulezayo esingenakukwazi ukuvuselelwa ngesantya esifanayo. Konke oku kubandakanya ukuthotywa kokusingqongileyo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakubi ngabantu. Ukusetyenziswa komntu kusekelwe ekufumaneni iimveliso ezingaphaya kwamandla ethu okuhlaziya.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ngeengxaki ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo esijongene nazo isijikelezi-langa sethu kunye nemiphumo yazo eyingozi.
Iingxaki zokusingqongileyo
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nongcoliseko lomoya
Umhlaba ujongene nokutshintsha kwemozulu ngenxa yokuba iqondo lobushushu liya linyuka ngokunyuka, kwaye oku kukhawuleziswa ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu, oko kukuthi, siye saqhuba abantu kwaye sandisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse.
Ukujongana nayo kufuna ukuzibophelela kwehlabathi, apho onke amazwe kufuneka anciphise ukukhutshwa kweegesi ze-greenhouse emoyeni. Kule nto, kuyimfuneko ukubheja kumandla avuselelekayo, izithuthi zikawonkewonke kunye neemoto ezisebenzisa amandla acocekileyo, kwaye zigqithise imithetho elawula ukukhutshwa kwemveliso.
Ungcoliseko lomoya, oko kukuthi, ubukho bezinto ezingcolisa umoya, kunezizathu zendalo nezomntu. Eyona miba mikhulu ebangela ungcoliseko lomoya zezi: imigodi yokusetyenziswa kweemveliso zeekhemikhali kunye noomatshini abanzima abayimfuneko ekuphuhlisweni kwayo, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukwanda kwezothutho ezinxulumene nokutshiswa kwamafutha efosili, imililo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane kwezolimo.
Ukuyinciphisa, amanyathelo afana nokukhuthaza izithuthi zikawonke-wonke, ukusebenzisa amafutha efosili ngenkathalo, ukwakha iindawo eziluhlaza ngakumbi okanye ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kunokuthatyathwa ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma.
Imvula eneasidi kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi
Imvula eneasidi yimvula eyenziwe ngamanzi kunye nenkunkuma enetyhefu, ngakumbi iasidi evela kwizithuthi, imizi-mveliso okanye ezinye iintlobo zoomatshini. Ukuthintela oku kungenzeki, kuyimfuneko ukulawula ukukhutshwa kokungcola, ukuvala amashishini angahambelani kunye nokunciphisa umxholo wesulfure wamafutha okanye ukukhuthaza kunye nokutyalomali kumandla avuselelweyo.
I-FAO (uMbutho wokuTya noLimo weZizwe eziManyeneyo) imisela ukuba ngawaphi amazwe akuMzantsi Melika naseAfrika bachaphazeleka kakhulu ngokugawulwa kwamahlathi ngenxa yokulima okungalawulekiyo kunye nokuxhaphazwa ngokugqithisileyo kweenkuni. Nangona umlinganiselo wokutsha kwamahlathi usezantsi ngokwentelekiso, ukwangunobangela wokulahlekelwa ngamawaka emithi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi nyaka ngamnye.
Ukuthotywa komhlaba kunye nokungcoliseka
Xa umhlaba uthotywa, ulahlekelwa yimpawu zawo zenyama kunye neekhemikhali, ngoko awusakwazi ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezifana nezolimo okanye iinkonzo ze-ecosystem. Izizathu zokuthotywa komhlaba zibangelwa yimiba eyahlukeneyo: ukugawulwa okunzulu, ulimo olubanzi, ukutyisa ngokugqithisileyo, ukutshiswa kwamahlathi, ukwakhiwa kwemithombo yamanzi okanye ukuxhaphazwa ngokugqithisileyo.
Isisombululo sokuphepha okanye ukunciphisa le ngxaki kukuphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo yendalo esingqongileyo elawula ukusetyenziswa komhlaba. Ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa bezolimo obunobungozi (ukusetyenziswa kwezitshabalalisi, izitshabalalisi nezichumisi okanye ilindle okanye imilambo engcolisa), ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma yasezidolophini ngokungafanelekanga, ukwakhiwa kweziseko ezingundoqo, imigodi, ishishini, imfuyo kunye nogutyulo lwelindle zezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obunobungozi bezolimo (ukusetyenziswa kwezitshabalalisi, izitshabalalisi nezichumisi okanye ilindle okanye imilambo engcolisekileyo), ukulahlwa ngendlela engafanelekanga kwenkunkuma yasezidolophini, ukwakhiwa kweziseko ezingundoqo, imigodi, ishishini, imfuyo kunye nogutyulo zezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zokungcoliseka komhlaba.
Oku kungcoliseka kungancitshiswa ngokusebenzisa izisombululo ezifana ucwangciso oluhle lwedolophu, ukurisayikilisha nokungalahli inkunkuma kokusingqongileyo, ukuthintelwa kweendawo zokulahla inkunkuma ezingekho mthethweni kunye nokubekwa emgangathweni kolawulo lwemigodi nelemizi-mveliso.
Iingxaki zokusingqongileyo kwimo engqongileyo yasezidolophini
Ulawulo lwenkunkuma kunye nokungabikho kokurisayikilisha
Ukuxinana kunye neendlela zokuphila zabathengi abafakelweyo kubangela ukwanda kwemveliso yenkunkuma kwaye, ngoko ke, ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yendalo esongelwa ngokuchithwa. Ukuthintela oku kungenzeki, kuyimfuneko ukufundisa kunye kugxininise kuqoqosho lwesetyhula ngemisebenzi efana nokunciphisa, ukurisayikilishwa okanye ukusetyenziswa kwakhona.
Nangona kumazwe amaninzi, ngakumbi kumazwe athuthukileyo, ukuba ulawulo lwenkunkuma luyenziwa kwaye kukho amaqumrhu okuphelisa. Kukwakho namazwe amaninzi angawasebenzisi ngokutsha. Ukongeza ekwandeni kokutsalwa kwemithombo yendalo emitsha, ukunqongophala kokurisayikilisha kukhokelela ekuqokeleleni isixa esikhulu senkunkuma kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma. Ngokumalunga nokunqongophala kokurisayikilishwa, kubalulekile ukwazisa nokufundisa abemi, kodwa norhulumente kufuneka azibophelele ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo olululo lwenkunkuma.
Ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki kunye nendalo yendalo
Baye baseka inkcubeko enokulahlwa kuthi kwaye basinike ubomi obutofotofo, obubalaseleyo kwiimveliso zeplastiki. Ulwandle luchaphazeleka kakhulu kwimveliso yeplastiki, kuba le nkunkuma ekugqibeleni iya kufikelela elwandle, ichaphazela impilo yeentlobo zaselwandle kwaye kamva impilo yeentlobo zomhlaba, kuquka nathi. Isisombululo kufuneka sibe kukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki kunye nokufumana ezinye iintlobo zokupakisha ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo.
I-ecology footprint sisalathiso sokusingqongileyo, esibhekiselele kwimpembelelo yomntu kokusingqongileyo, ebonisa ukuba ungakanani ummandla wemveliso afuna ukuvelisa izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nokufumana inkunkuma eyenziwe. Ukusetyenziswa ngokungenaluxanduva kunye nokudityaniswa kwehlabathi kuthetha ukuba imeko yehlabathi kunye neyomntu ngamnye iyanda.
Iingxaki zokusingqongileyo kwinqanaba lebhayoloji
I-ecosystem iye yawohloka ngenxa yeenguqu eziye zenziwa, nokuba zezolimo, imfuyo, ukwanda kwamaziko asezidolophini, ukufakwa kwemizi-mveliso, ukuxhaphazwa ngokugqithisileyo kokusingqongileyo kwendalo, okanye izenzo ezinjengokungeniswa kwezilwanyana ezingezozamvelo, ukuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni. Ungcoliseko kunye nezinye izinto ezenziwa ngabantu zezona ngxaki zemo engqongileyo yelahleko yezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ukufumana isisombululo, ngaphezu kokufundisa abantu ukuba bahloniphe indawo yendalo, indawo yendalo kufuneka ikhuselwe ngumthetho.
Kukho iimarike zeentlobo ekurhweba ngazo ngokungekho mthethweni ezithi zibambe kwaye zirhwebe ngezinto eziphilayo ukusuka kwilizwe lazo, ekugqibeleni zifikelele kwezinye iindawo apho ezi ntlobo zithathwa njengeziyingozi. Ngenxa yokukhuphisana ngentsimi nokutya, nokwanda kwezifo ezitsha kuloo mmandla, izilwanyana ezihlaselayo zisenokuthi ekugqibeleni zithabathe indawo yezityalo zalapho.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neengxaki ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo ezijongene neplanethi yethu.