Iilwandle kunye neelwandle zihla ngokuhla mihla le ngenxa yemisebenzi yethu yezoqoqosho nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezixhobo. Oku kuhla kakhulu kwendalo yaselwandle inokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwendalo kunye neenkonzo zendalo esinikezela zona.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba ulwandle luthotywa njani?
Iilwandle zihla
Izazinzulu ezivela kwiZiko lezeNzululwazi ngezeNdalo kunye neTekhnoloji (ICTA-UAB), iYunivesithi yaseBarcelona (UB), iZiko leSizwe laseFrance loPhando lwezeNzululwazi (i-CNRS) kunye neSpanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) baphanda ukuthotywa kolwandle kunye kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani, ngakumbi kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo.
Iziphumo zokuwohloka kwendalo yaselwandle zikhulu kwiplanethi yonke. Zombini ezi ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kwindawo yolwandle kwaye ezifuna unxibelelwano phakathi kweentlobo kunye nokutya, kunye nabantu abaxhaphaza oovimba bokuloba, ulwandle lubonelela ngezinye iinkonzo zendalo ezifana nokugcina i-CO2.
Incwadi ngokuthotywa kolwandle neelwandle
Oososayensi bapapashe incwadi ethi "Marine Animal Forest", ehlelwe yi-Springer-Nature, apho bejongana nengcinga entsha "yehlathi lezilwanyana" kwaye bekhumbula indima ebalulekileyo yezilwandle kunye neelwandle xa bejamelene notshintsho lwemozulu.
Abaphandi uSergio Rossi (ICTA-UAB), uAndrea Gori (weFakhalthi yeBiology ye-UB), uLorenzo Bramanti (CNRS) kunye noCovadonga Orejas (IEO) bathathe inxaxheba kule ncwadi. Ezi nzululwazi zixhalabisa iimpembelelo ezibangelwa ngabantu kunye notshintsho olukhulu olukhokelela ekukhawuleziseni ukonakaliswa kwezinto eziphilayo zolwandle. Iimpembelelo ezenziwa ngabantu kwezi ndawo ziguqula izinga lokufunxwa kwe-CO2 kwiatmosfera.
Le ncwadi ibonelela ngesishwankathelo sobomi bendalo ephantsi kolwandle kwaye ichaza umbono 'wehlathi lezilwanyana'. Olu luvo lubandakanya lonke uluntu lwe-benthic oluhlala emazantsi olwandle, njengeekorale, iigorgoni, isiponji okanye i-bivalve. Ezi zilwanyana zenza izakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo ezinokuhlala kunye nokunxibelelana nezinye iintlobo ezininzi.
Njengamahlathi asemhlabeni, uluntu lwaselwandle luyasebenzisana phakathi kwezityalo nezilwanyana ukutshintshiselana ngento namandla.
Amahlathi ezilwanyana
Ihlathi lezilwanyana zaselwandle lolona lwakhiwo lubanzi emhlabeni, okoko i-70% yomphezulu womhlaba ugutyungelwe ziilwandle kunye neelwandle kwaye kugxile kwi-90% yobomi eMhlabeni. Kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo into yokuba iilwandlekazi zibufihla ubomi bezilwanyana esingabaziyo, kuba ubunzulu bazo zifunyenwe zingenakufikelelwa ngabantu.
Siyazi kuphela 5% wento esemazantsi olwandle, ngokwembono yebhayoloji neyoluntu, incinci kakhulu xa ithelekiswa nomphezulu womhlaba. Ngesi sizathu, ulondolozo lweelwandle lubalulekile ngenxa yendima abayidlalayo.
Abaphandi bagxeka ukuba izinto ezenziwa ngabantu zibangela ilahleko enkulu ye-biomass kunye ne-biodiversity kunye nokonakalisa amandla abo okufumana kwakhona. Kwaye iilwandle zibalulekile kumjikelo we-hydrodynamic kunye ne-biogeochemical cycles yolwandle, isebenza njengebhokisi yekhabhoni esiyikhupha kwimisebenzi yethu, ngaphandle kokubonelela ngeenkonzo ze-ecosystem njengokutya, ukhuseleko kunye neendawo zokugcina izilwanyana zezilwanyana zaselwandle.
Kubalulekile ukuba iisinki zekhabhoni zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo ukubuyekeza uxinzelelo lwe-CO2 emoyeni. Eyona ngxaki iphambili yeyokuba uninzi lwamahlathi ezilwanyana lwenziwe zizilwanyana ezindala. oko kungathatha ukuya kwi-100 leminyaka ukukhula, njengemithi emininzi yomhlaba. Ngesi sizathu, xa imisebenzi enje ngokuloba okanye ukumba imigodi ebangela iimpembelelo ezinzulu elwandle, iikorale, iziponji okanye iigorgoni zinokuthatha ixesha elide ukuba ziphinde zibuye.
Incwadi ibalaselisa ukuba amahlathi ezilwanyana zaselwandle abonelela ngeenkonzo ezinje ngokuloba, ukuqokelelwa kweekorale ezixabisekileyo kunye neentlobo zokusetyenziselwa amayeza kunye nonyango, izixhobo zokwakha okanye iinkonzo zokhenketho, kunye neziphumo zoqoqosho ezinokubangela ukunyamalala kwazo.
Njengoko ubona, kubalulekile ukukhusela iilwandle ngenxa yemisebenzi emininzi abanayo