Ngalo lonke ixesha sisondela kwaye sinamathuba amaninzi okutshintsha amandla eefosili ngezinokuhlaziywa. Oku kuboniswa ngamazwe akumantla eYurophu, kwaye hayi ukuphakamisa izixhobo zeoyile njengoko baqala ngee-70s, kodwa basebenzise ngokupheleleyo amandla amandla omoya.
Injalo imeko yeHywind Scotland, ifama yomoya yokuqala edadayo elwandle, eyakhiwe yinkampani yeoyile yaseNorway iStatoil ngokusebenzisana nenkampani amandla ahlaziyekayo ukusuka kwi-United Arab Emirates Masdar. Eyathi, kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, yaqala ukusebenza emanzini oLwandle oluseMantla, eBuchan Deep, kwiikhilomitha ezingama-25 ukusuka kwisixeko saseScotland iPeterhead.
Ifama yomoya edadayo
Ingxaki yamandla omoya aselunxwemeni icela umngeni kubunzulu bolwandle. Ngokuka-Statoil osebenza, ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-80 ezinokubakho kwiindawo ezinomoya ezinxweme ezinamanzi zingaphantsi kweemitha ezingama-60. Oomatshini bomoya abazinzileyo abahlala kwindawo ye- iifama zomoya eziqhelekileyo eziselunxwemeni Zikulungele kuphela kubunzulu obungekho ngaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-50, kodwa kwifama yomoya edadayo, ezi zakhiwo ziququzelela ukufunyanwa kwamandla kwiindawo ezinobunzulu obungaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-500. Oomatshini bomoya abahlanu abafakwe kwiprojekthi yokuqala ngesitywina seHywind ziimitha ezingama-253 ukuphakama, ezingama-78 zazo zingaphantsi komphezulu.
Ngokwamagosa aliqela eStatoil, “Ukwakhiwa nokuphuhliswa kweprojekthi, eyaqala kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu eyadlulayo, yenziwe ngokupheleleyo njengoko bekucwangcisiwe. Ingcinga ye IHywind Scotland Isekwe kumboniso we-turbine ejikelezayo yokulinga esiyifakileyo kwi-2009 ngaphandle kweKarm Ky kwintshona yeNorway. Sisebenzise amava ale projekthi, sitshintsha ubungakanani be-turbine yokuqala ukusuka kwi-2,3 megawatts ukuya kwi-6 MW, echaphazele ubukhulu bayo ”.
Iprojekthi
El projekthi ngokwayo, idlulise i-euro ezizigidi ezingama-230, igubungela ummandla weekhilomitha ezili-15 zesikwere. Ukufumana umbono we iinqaba zobukhuluKwanele ukwazi ukuba ngaphakathi kwii-gondola, icandelo elongamele ukuxhasa oomatshini be-turbine kunye nokujikeleza ukulandela ulwalathiso lomoya, kulungele iibhasi ezimbini ephindwe kabini AbaseLondon, kwaye iirandi ezijikelezileyo, iingalo ezijolise kwiturbine, iimitha ezingama-75 ubude kunye neetoni ezingama-25 ngobunzima, ziphantse zamaphiko e-Airbus 380.
Owona mceli mngeni mkhulu wokwakha ibe kukudibanisa oomatshini bomoya, nganye nganye inobunzima beetoni ezili-12.000. Ukulungiselela indibano yee-injini zomoya ezintlanu, ezenziwa eNorway kweli hlobo, bekuyimfuneko ukubhenela kwenye yeekhrayoni. ii-marinas ezinkulu emhlabeni, i Saipem 7000, bayalelwe ukuba babarhuqele kwindawo abaya kuphelela kuyo kunxweme lwePeterhead.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu, ukumisa kuye kwaba ngumnye umceli mngeni. Ukumisa iinqaba, iiveki ezimbini zokutsala zisetyenzisiwe (ezintathu kwiturbine nganye), iimitha ezili-16 ubude kunye nobunzima Iitoni ezingama-300, idityaniswe koomatshini bomoya kunye neetyathanga zokubopha i-2.400 yeemitha ubude kunye ne-1.200 yeetoni ngobunzima.
Le fama yomoya idadayo inomthamo wama-300 MW, oya kuthi uvumele ukubonelela ngamandla kumakhaya angama-20.000 XNUMX.
Iinjongo zexesha elizayo
Iinjongo zabafaki bokufaka, abaceba ukufikelela kwi-500 okanye kwi-1000 MW kwiiprojekthi ezizayo, kukwenza amandla omoya abe nokhuphiswano. “Ngo-2030 singathanda ukuba iindleko zamandla kwifama yomoya edadayo yeHywind zincitshiswe zibe ngama-40-60 eeuros / megawatt ngeyure. Amandla omoya ahamba elunxwemeni kulindeleke ukuba enze indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni komoya elwandle kwixesha elizayo ”, kubhengezwe kumaphephandaba u-Irene Rummelhoff, usekela-mongameli olawulayo wommandla worhwebo weNew Energy Solutions eStatoil, ifemu ethatha inxaxheba kwi-50% yefama yomoya yonxweme i-Arkona eJamani, eza kuqala. isebenza kwi-2019, nakwi-40% yolwakhiwo lwexesha elizayo lwe-162MW Apodi ukufakwa kwelanga eBrazil.
Umphathiswa wezaMandla waseScotland uNicola Sturgeon ubhiyozela kurhulumente ngokusungulwa kwefama yomoya edadayo, eza kubavumela ukuba "bakhokele ugqatso lwehlabathi Ukuphuhlisa isizukulwana esilandelayo setekhnoloji yomoya elunxwemeni ”.
Ukuchaswa
Nangona kunjalo, iHywind Scotland ifumene inkcaso indibaniselwano yeNtaka eCity RSPB eScotland, ngokuchasene nokuphunyezwa kweefama zomoya zorhwebo kumanzi asempuma e EScotland ezo zisongela, ngokwalo mbutho, iindawo zokukhusela ubomi beentlobo ngeentlobo zeentaka zaselwandle.
