Idama elintathu leGorges, lelona likhulu emhlabeni

Idama elintathu leGorges (elenziwe lula isiTshayina: 三峡 大坝, isiTshayina ngokwesiko: 三峽 大壩, pinyin: Sānxiá Dàbà) ikwindawo yomlambo Yangtze e China. Sisona sityalo sikhulu sombane ophehlwa ngamanzi ehlabathini.

Ukwakhiwa kwedama kwaqala ngo-1983 kwaye kwaqikelelwa ukuba kungathatha malunga neminyaka engama-20. NgoNovemba 9, 2001 ikhosi yomlambo yavulwa kwaye ngo-2003 Iqela lokuqala labavelisi laqala ukusebenza. Ukuqala ngo-2004, amaqela angama-2000 ewonke afakwa ngonyaka, de umsebenzi wagqitywa.

Idama ezintathu zeGorge,

NgoJuni 6, 2006, udonga lokugqibela lwedama lwadilizwa, kwaneziqhushumbisi ezaneleyo zokudiliza izakhiwo ezingama-400 ezinemigangatho eli-10. Yagqitywa nge-30 ka-Okthobha ka-2010. Phantse zizigidi ezi-2 zabantu ubuyile kwenye indawo ikakhulu kwiindawo ezintsha ezakhiwe kwisixeko saseChongqing.

Izixhobo

Idama limi elunxwemeni lwedolophu yaseYichang, kwiphondo laseHubei. Idama libizwa ngegama leGorotkia, kwaye linokugcina i-39.300 yezigidigidi m3. Ibe Iinjini zomoya ezingama-32 MW nganye, I-14 ifakwe kwicala elingasentla ledama, ezili-12 kwicala elingasemazantsi ledama kunye nezinye ezintandathu ezingaphantsi komhlaba, amandla apheleleyo angama-24.000 MW.

Kwizicwangciso zokuqala, eli dama linye liya kuba namandla okubonelela nge-10% yemfuno yombane yase China. Nangona kunjalo ukukhula kwimfuno ibonakalisiwe, kwaye iya kuba nakho ukubonelela kuphela ngamandla kwi-3% yokusetyenziswa kwasekhaya kwaseTshayina.

Lo msebenzi ubalaseleyo ushiye iidolophu ezili-19 kunye needolophu ezingama-322 zingaphantsi kwenqanaba lamanzi, zichaphazela phantse abantu abazizigidi ezi-2 kunye nokuntywila malunga ne-630 km2 yommandla waseTshayina.

Ngale dama, ukunyuka kokuhamba kwalo mlambo, okubangelwe lixesha leemvula, kuya kulawulwa, kuthintelwe ukukhukuliseka komhlaba. Iidolophu ezikufutshane. Inqanaba lamanzi liya kwahluka ukusuka kwi-50 m ukuya kwi-175 m, kuxhomekeke kumaxesha onyaka. Enye injongo yolwakhiwo lwayo kukubonelela ngamanzi kwinxalenye enkulu yabemi baseTshayina, ngomthamo wokugcina i-39.300 yezigidi zeekyubhiki mitha, apho i-22.150 yezigidi izakwabelwa ukulawula izikhukula.

Enye injongo kukuvelisa umbane, oya kuthi ube nawo Ngama-26 abavelisi Iturbine ye-700.000 kilowatts nganye.

Umlambo waseYangtze

Ngokwakhiwa kwedama elikhulu, ukuhamba komlambo kuMlambo iYangtze, oza kunyusa ukukhula koqoqosho kwelizwe. Kodwa njengenxalenye yophuhliso kunye nenkqubela phambili, imeko apho iDama leGorges ezintathu liza kuba khona notshintsho olukhulu.

Le projekthi ikhukule ngaphezulu kwama-250 km2 omhlaba, izixeko ezili-13 kunye amakhulu ezilali ezincinci ecaleni konxweme lomlambo. Ukufuduswa ngenxa yophuhliso kuye kwanyanzela abantu abangaphezu kwe-1.130.000 ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo, elilelona likhulu lokukhutshwa embalini, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwedama.

Ukwenza nje umzekelo, ngo-2001 iSpain yavelisa amandla ombane ophehlwa ngamanzi nge-18.060 MW. Idama elithathu leGorges liyakwazi ukuvelisa amandla ngonyaka ye-17.680 MW.

I-Gorges ezintathu Yangtze River yeyona ndawo intle kuMlambo iYangtze. Benza uthotho lwe indalo kunye nenkcubeko.

Utshintsho lwamva nje kwiiGorge ezintathu

Eli candelo lomhlaba lalikhe layindawo eyingozi. Nangona kunjalo, okokoko kwakhiwa kweDama leGorge ezintathu (kugqityiwe ukwakhiwa ngo-2006) inqanaba lomlambo lenyuke laya kwi-180 m (590 ft) kwaye umlambo uye waba mkhulu ukuzola kunye nokuhamba ngakumbi. Yonke imihla uninzi lweenqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa phakathi kweChongqing neYichang. Uhambo olumnandi, olunika abakhweli ithuba lokubona ubuhle bezi gorge.

Intshayelelo yomqala

IiGorge ezintathu yiQutang Gorge, iWu Gorge, kunye neXiling Gorge. I-Qutang (/ chyoo-tung / 'Qu (igama losapho) echibini') Umwonyo uqala kwikomkhulu lesithili iFengjie, malunga I-500 km ezantsi ukusuka kwisixeko saseChongqing, kwilokishi yaseChonqing. I-Qutang imalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-40 ubude kwaye iphela eWushan (/ Woo-shan / 'Witch Mountain') kwiDolophu yaseKapa.

I-Wu Gorge ("igqwirha") iqala uDaning ujoyina uMlambo iYangtze eWushan. Uhambo oluya ezantsi kuMlambo iDaning uthatha abahambi kwiiGorge ezincinci ezintathu, uguqulelo oluhlanganisiweyo lweeGorge ezintathu, ezimileyo imijelo emxinwa, ebizwa ngokuba yiMini yeeGorge ezintathu kwelinye icala. IWu Gorge ikwindawo emalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-40 ubude kwaye ijoyina iXiling Gorge kwidolophu yedolophu yaseBadong (/ bar-dong / ngokoqobo "eMpuma weSihuan naseChongqing", kwaye eneneni kuphela kumda wePhondo laseHubei).

I-Xiling Gorge (/ sshee-ling / 'ikhonkco lasentshona') yinxalenye yeBadong, kwindibano yoShennong Stream kunye neYangtze. Amanzi acwebezelayo ngekristale, iindlela ezixhonyiweyo kunye neebhokisi ezixhonyiweyo zeShennong Creek zithatha abakhenkethi ngaphandle kweenqanawa ezincinci zokuhlola oku kutsala kwicala. Umqolomba waseSanyou (/ san-yo / 'abahambi abathathu'), apho Iimbongi ezintathu ezaziwayo zakudala kuthiwa ziye zahlalaNgumqolomba omhle, "owona mqolomba ungummandla weeGorge ezintathu". Umqolomba waseSanyou umalunga neekhilomitha ezili-10 ukusuka eYichang kwiXiling Gorge. IXiling Gorge imalunga ne-100 km ubude kwaye iphela kwisixeko saseYichang.