IBiotope ligama okhe waliva ngexesha elithile. Isimaphambili bio sele sichaza ukuba sibhekisa ebomini kwaye nesimamva topo sibhekisa kwindawo okanye kumhlaba. Ke ngoko kunokuthiwa, nge-etymologically, i-biotope ithetha ubomi bendawo.
Nangona kunjalo, indalo ifanelekile kwikota ye-biotope. Ngokwesichazi magama saseSpain, i-biotope ithi «Intsimi okanye indawo yokuhlala eneemeko zokusingqongileyo ezoneleyo kuluntu oluthile lwezinto eziphilayo ukuphuhla apho«. Ngenxa yoku, loluphi ulwalamano olunalo i-biotope nezinto eziphilayo, indalo kunye neenkqubo zezinto eziphilayo?
Ubudlelwane be-biotope kunye ne-ecosystems
Zininzi iintlobo zeentyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zihlala kwindalo, zenza ibhalansi apho kuhlala khona wonke umntu. Indawo leyo bahlala kuyo inezinto ezithile zendalo ukuze bakwazi ukugcina abantu. Ke ngoko, iintlobo zeentyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana ezihlala kunye kufuneka zabelane ngendawo kunye nezixhobo. Nangona oku "kwabelana" akukho lula kangako. Ngokusisiseko Iintlobo zihlala zilwela izixhobo. Abanye bayenza ngokuthe ngqo, okt bajongane nezinye iintlobo, abanye bayancedana, abanye bayazifanela nokusingqongileyo kwaye banamathuba, abanye bayazi ukuba zeziphi izibonelelo ezinokhuphiswano oluncinci, njl. Uhlobo ngalunye lunendlela yalo yokusinda, kuba sisixhobo esigcina indalo.
Nje ukuba ubudlelwane be-biotope kunye neentlobo ezihlala kuyo buchaziwe, sinokwenza inkcazo kunye numahluko okhoyo ngokwenene. Kule ndlela yobomi amagama amabini ahlukeneyo: kwelinye icala sine-biocenosis, ebhekisa kuyo yonke into enxulumene nezityalo nezilwanyana, kwaye kwelinye icala, sinayo i-biotope, Ebhekisa kwimozulu, amanzi kunye nohlobo lomhlaba. Ke ngoko, nangona igama elithi biotope linesiqalo bio, esithetha ubomi, kule meko, libhekisa kwindawo eyenza ukuba izilwanyana kunye nezityalo ziphile kwaye ziligcine nezixhobo zendalo ezikhoyo.
Singatsho ukuba xa i-biotope inokuxhasa ubomi, ivelisa inkqubo yendalo. Ubukho be-ecosystem bunokwenzeka kuphela xa iseti yemozulu, amanzi kunye nohlobo lomhlaba zanele ukuxhasa inani lezilwanyana nezityalo.
Biotope kunye biocenosis
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, umbutho we-biotope kunye ne-biocenosis zenza i-ecosystem. Njengoko sisazi, zininzi iintlobo zendalo kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezibonelela ngemeko eyimfuneko, eyoneleyo kunye nozinzo lokusingqongileyo ukuvumela izityalo nezilwanyana ukuba zande kwaye ziphile.
Enkosi ngokusebenzisana phakathi kwazo zonke izinto ezenza i-ecosystem ukwenziwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngendalo, imilambo, indalo, njalo njalo kunokwenzeka.
Unxibelelwano olukhoyo kwindalo esingqongileyo lunokuthatha isigqibo sendalo ehlalisanayo kwaye ihlala inzima kwaye inomdla. Ubomi kwindalo yezinto eziphilayo bunamandla ayoOko kukuthi, kuxhomekeke kwindalo esingqongileyo esizifumana sikuyo, sinokujonga izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene omnye nomnye kumanqanaba ohlukeneyo ekhonkco lokutya, ngezikali ezahlukileyo okanye ukutshintshiselana kwamandla kunye nomba.
Kuya kufuneka siyiqonde into yokuba iintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana zihlala kwaye zikhula kuba kukho uthungelwano olwaneleyo lokunxibelelana kunye nokutshintshiselana ngamandla ukuze zisebenze ngoluhlobo. Ngokungafaniyo nendawo yokuhlala, eligama elinxulumene ne-biotope, kodwa elibhekisa ngakumbi kwindidi, i-biotope inxulumene ne-biocenosis. Ngale ndlela, la magama mabini ngokudibeneyo abhekisa kuseto lwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukileyo ezihlala emajukujukwini.
Kutheni ibiotope ibalulekile?
Ayikuko ukuba ukwazi ukuba yintoni i-biotope eza kusombulula ubomi bethu okanye siza kuyisebenzisa kwiincoko zethu zemihla ngemihla, kuba igama elithi biotope lisetyenziswa kuphela kwimimandla yendalo esingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukwazi ukuba yintoni i-biotope kubalulekile ukuphucula inkcubeko yethu ngokubanzi kwaye Ukuze siqonde ukubaluleka kokukhathalela indalo esingqongileyo.
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, kwindalo nakwinkqubo yezendalo, kukho ulungelelwaniso lwendalo oluyimfuneko ukugcina izityalo nezilwanyana zizinzile. Olu bhalansi lusekwe ikakhulu phakathi kwe-biotope kunye ne-biocenosis. Kukwakho nemilinganiselo phakathi kwe-biocenosis kunye ne-biocenosis uqobo, oko kukuthi, ibhalansi phakathi kwezilwanyana kunye / okanye iintlobo zezityalo. Ukuba semngciphekweni wokonakala kwale bhalansi yendalo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo ngalunye, ukuguquguquka kwayo, ukwahluka kwemfuza, indawo yokuhambisa, ubuninzi kunye nezinye izinto ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo eziyimeko yokuma. Ke ngoko, ukuba semngciphekweni wokonakala kwebhalansi yendalo kunokubakho kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Ukusuka ekunciphiseni kwabemi bohlobo oluthile ngenxa yokungabikho kwento yendalo (enje ngobungakanani bezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni), ukuya ekunyamalaleni ngokupheleleyo kwezinye iintlobo (ezinje ngembalela ephelisa yonke into yaManzi).
Singazifunda iinkqubo zendalo ngokujonga izinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nobudlelwane bazo zonke. Umzekelo, singagxila ekufundeni i-ecosystem yasemanzini egxile kuphela kwinxalenye yamanzi amatsha, okanye kuphela kumjikelo wamanzi, okanye kuhlobo oluthile lomlambo. Kwelinye icala, sinako ukuhlalutya i-ikhosistim epheleleyo, enjengentaba enye, kwaye siqwalasele zonke iintlobo zezidalwa ezihlala kunye kunye nolwalamano olukhoyo phakathi kwazo zonke. Nangona isambuku seebhayotopes ezahlukeneyo kunye noluntu lwendalo lusenza izinto ezizodwa, Imfuno yokulondolozwa yinto eqhelekileyo kuzo zonke.
Zibuyiselwa njani i-biotopes?
Kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo kukuba yi-biotope egcina zonke izinto eziphilayo kwaye ukuba, umzekelo, elinye lamacandelo e-biotope (umzekelo umhlaba) alizigcini iimpawu zalo eziyimfuneko okanye liwohlokile, liyakuchaphazela yonke indalo eyahlukeneyo efunekayo ukuze iphile. Kungenxa yoko le nto, xa izinto ze-biotope zonakalisiwe (ngokubanzi zizinto ezenziwa ngabantu) kwaye ayinakho ukuzibuyisela, okanye ubuncinci ngesantya esifunekayo ukuze ingachaphazeli ezinye iintlobo, kufuneka yenza ukubuyisela.
Ukusukela ngo-1970, ii-biotopes zifumene ingqwalaselo enkulu eYurophu (ngakumbi iJamani) ngokubhekisele kulondolozo, ukuvuselelwa ngokutsha kunye nokudalwa kweemeko zendalo. Xa i-ecosystem yonakele kakubi, uzama ukugcina nokubuyisela.
Ukubuyisela i-biotope, iintshukumo zolu hlobo zinokwenziwa:
- Ukudala uphahla oluhlaza
- Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwemilambo ukubuyisela umgangatho wayo
- Ulondolozo lwamatyholo nemithi kumhlaba olinywe ngezolimo
- Ukudalwa kweepaki zendalo
- Ukudalwa kwegadi zezikolo okanye amachibi athathela ingqalelo imeko-bume
- Uyilo lweegadi zabucala ezithathela ingqalelo indalo.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwemithi
- Ukwakhiwa kweebhlorho eziluhlaza
- Ukwakhiwa kweepaseji zendalo
- Ukuveliswa kwakhona kweentlobo
Konke oku kulawula umthetho oko kwenza ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho emiselweyo yokhuseleko kunye nolondolozo lubopha.
Ulondolozo lwe-biotope lubalulekile ukuze sikwazi ukugcina yonke indalo eyiyidingayo. Ngale nto sinokuqonda okungakumbi malunga nendalo kunye neempawu zayo.