Los iifama zomoya Baliqela leeinjini zomoya tshintsha amandla omoya abe ngamandla ombane. Ezi paki zinokufumaneka zombini emhlabeni naselwandle, zineenzuzo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemingeni kuhlobo ngalunye. Ezona zinkulu ehlabathini zisasazwa ikakhulu phakathi kwe-United States, i-China, i-United Kingdom kunye ne-Indiya, nto leyo ephawula indlela yehlabathi ekubhekiselele kumandla acocekileyo nahlaziyiweyo.
Okwangoku, Isi-8 kwezili-10 iifama zomoya ezinkulu ehlabathini ziseUnited States, apho ezintlanu zibekwe eTexas. Nangona kunjalo, umthamo ofakiweyo weepaki kumazwe anjengeTshayina okanye iIndiya ukhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba uninzi lwezi zixhobo ziya kuba zikhulu kwaye zinamandla emhlabeni kwiminyaka ezayo. Ngaphakathi kwi I-TOP 10 kukho ifama enye kuphela yomoya ngaphandle konxweme, ebonisa ukulungelelaniswa kweepaki zomhlaba ezisawugcinayo ngokomthamo ofakelweyo. Ngezantsi, sikubonisa ulwahlulo lweefama zomoya ezinkulu ehlabathini ngokomthamo wazo ofakelweyo kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo.
1. IZiko laMandla oMoya laseAlta:
El IZiko laMandla oMbane eAlta (AWEC, Alta Wind Energy Centre), ibekwe e Tehachapi, Kern County, California, United States, okwangoku eyona fama yomoya elunxwemeni inkulu ehlabathini, kunye nesakhono sokusebenza se I-1.548 MW.
Le paki iye yandiswa ngezigaba ezininzi, ekuqaleni ngee 600 turbines, kodwa kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke ikhula de ifikelele kumandla okugqibela we-1.550 MW. I-Terra-Gen Power yinkampani ejongene nophuhliso nokusebenza kwayo, esebenza ikakhulu ngee turbines zomoya ezivela kuGeneral Electric kunye neVestas, ezimbini zeempawu eziphambili ekuveliseni amandla omoya.
2. Abalusi beFama yoMoya oyiFlat:
Ifumaneka kufutshane neArlington, kwimpuma yeOregon, eUnited States, i Abelusi ifama yoMoya oMfindi Yifama yomoya yesibini ngobukhulu ehlabathini enomthamo ofakiweyo we I-845 MW.
Le projekthi yaphuhliswa ngu Caithness Energy kwaye ithatha ngaphezulu kwe-70 km² kwiingingqi zaseGilliam naseMorrow. Xa iqala ukusebenza ngo-2012, yaziseka njengenye yeeprojekthi ezinkulu kwihlabathi, ibonelela ngeemfuno zamandla kumakhaya angaphezu kwama-235.000 eCalifornia. Oomatshini bomoya abasetyenziswa kule paki ubukhulu becala boMbane kaWonke-wonke, nomthamo we-2,5 MW kwiyunithi nganye.
3. Ifama yomoya iRoscoe:
Ifama yomoya yesithathu ngobukhulu ehlabathini yi I-Roscoe Wind Ifama, ekufuphi neAbilene, eTexas, eUnited States, enomthamo we I-781,5 MW.
Eyona nto eyenza le paki yahluke kukwakhiwa kwayo ngokwezigaba ezine, eyagqitywa ngo-2009, ithatha malunga nama-400 km² womhlaba weefama. Inani lee-injini zomoya ezifakelweyo, zizonke ezingama-627 ezahlulwe ngeemitha ezingama-270 ukusuka komnye nomnye, zibavumela ukuba banike amandla kumakhulu amawaka amakhaya. Oomatshini bomoya abasetyenziswayo baquka iiyunithi ezisuka kwaMitsubishi, iSiemens kunye noMbane Jikelele, amandla asuka kwi-1 MW ukuya kwi-2,3 MW.
4. IZiko laMandla oMbane laMoya oyiHashe elinguHashe:
El IHorse Hollow Wind Energy Centre, ekwafumaneka eTexas, phakathi kweTaylor kunye neNolan County, inomthamo ofakiweyo we I-735,5 MW, iyenza ibeyesine ngobukhulu iprojekthi yomoya oselunxwemeni ehlabathini.
Yakhiwe ngokwezigaba ezininzi ngo-2005 no-2006, ipaki iqhutywa ziinjineli ezivela I-NextEra Energy Resources kwaye ineeinjini zomoya ezingama-421 zizonke zamagunya awohlukeneyo. Ii turbines zinobude obungaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-79 kwaye zibonelela ngamandla kumakhaya angaphezu kwama-180.000.
5. ICapricorn Ridge Wind Farm:
El IFama yoMoya yaseCapricorn Ridge iphakathi kweSterling neCoke County, eTexas, eUnited States, inomthamo ofakelweyo I-662,5 MW. Yaqalwa ngo-2007 kwaye yagqitywa ngo-2008, le paki iye 342 GE 1,5 MW iiinjini zomoya y 65 Siemens 2,3 MW iiinjini zomoya, enokulinganisa ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-79 ukuphakama.
Imveliso yayo yamandla yanele ukubonelela ngaphezu kwamakhaya angama-220.000, okwenza ibe yenye yeefama zomoya ezisebenzayo kwilizwe laseTexas.
6. ILondon Array yeFama engaselunxwemeni Ifama:
Ifumaneka kwiThames Estuary, ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-20 ukusuka kunxweme lwaseKent nase-Essex, London Array Offshore Wind Farm Yeyona ifama yomoya ekude nonxweme inkulu ehlabathini enomthamo ofakiweyo we I-630 MW. Le projekthi yaphuhliswa ziinjineli ezivela kwi-Dong Energy, i-E.ON kunye ne-Masdar, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba kwisigaba sayo sesibini inokufikelela kumthamo we-870 MW.
7. Ifama yomoya yaseFantanele-Cogealac:
El Ifama yomoya yaseFantanele-Cogealac Ifumaneka kwiphondo laseDobruja, eRomania. Ngomthamo ofakiweyo we I-600 MW, yeyona fama yomoya elunxwemeni inkulu eYurophu.
Izibonelelo zepaki zenziwe ngama-240 oMbane woMbane woMbane we turbines zomoya, nganye inomthamo we-2,5 MW. Le paki igubungela iimfuno zamandla zamawaka angamakhulu amawaka amakhaya aseRomania kwaye imele malunga ne-10% yemveliso yamandla aluhlaza kweli lizwe.
8. IFowler Ridge Wind Farm:
El Fowler Ridge Wind Farm ibekwe eBenton County, Indiana, United States. Ngomthamo we I-599,8 MW, yifama yomoya yesibhozo ngobukhulu ehlabathini.
Yahlulwe yangamanqanaba amabini, iFowler Ridge inee turbines ezivela kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo ezifana neVestas kunye neGE, ezigubungela ngaphezu kweehektare ezingama-20.000. Le paki kulindeleke ukuba inike amandla kumakhaya angaphezu kwama-200.000 kulo mmandla.
9. Ifama yomoya iSweetwater Wind:
El Ifama yoMoya weSweetwater, nayo ibekwe eTexas, inomthamo ofakiweyo we I-585,3 MW. Le projekthi yakhiwe ngezigaba ezihlanu ukusuka ku-2003 ukuya ku-2007, kusetyenziswa iindidi ngeendidi zeeinjini zomoya.
Ngokuhlanganiswa kwee-turbines ezivela kwi-GE, i-Mitsubishi kunye ne-Siemens, le paki ngomnye umzekelo wesakhono esikhulu sokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwilizwe laseTexas.
10. IBuffalo Gap Wind Wind:
El Buffalo Gap Park, emi kumzantsi-ntshona we-Abilene, eTexas, ivala inqanaba leefama zomoya ezili-10 ezinkulu kwihlabathi ezinomthamo ofakelweyo I-523,3 MW. Le paki yakhiwa ngokwezigaba ezithathu, ukuqala ngo-2006, kwaye inee-296 zizonke zee turbines.
Isigaba sokuqala sisebenzise ii-turbines zomoya ze-Vestas, ngelixa izigaba zokugqibela zidibanise i-GE kunye nee-Siemens turbines, ezizimisa njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuveliseni amandla acocekileyo kumazantsi e-United States.
Uphuhliso lweefama zomoya kwihlabathi jikelele luqhubela phambili ngesantya esiphezulu, neeprojekthi zaseTshayina, eIndiya naseYurophu zicela umngeni kwezo sele zisekiwe. Njengoko ukuqhubela phambili kweteknoloji kunye namanyathelo ohlaza kuya kusiba yimfuneko ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu, iifama zomoya ziyaziseka njengesinye sezisombululo zamandla kwixesha elizayo.