Kwi-1991, ifama yomoya yokuqala elunxwemeni yasekwa, leyo Vindeby. Yayifakwe eDenmark, emanzini oLwandle lweBaltic, kwaye yayinezixhobo zomoya ezilishumi elinanye. Ekupheleni konyaka we-2016, amandla afakiweyo omoya oselunxwemeni angaphezulu kwama-9000 (MW). Namhlanje, amandla omoya aselunxwemeni ahlala enye yezona kubhejwa zicacileyo zexesha elizayo, nangona ingekabi yitekhnoloji enenzuzo ngokupheleleyo.
Okwangoku, eyona fama inkulu iselunxwemeni iselunxwemeni lwaseKent (eNgilani). Ngaphandle kokuba yeyona paki inkulu emhlabeni, abaxhasi bayo baceba ukwandisa amandla ayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-870 MW kwisigaba sesibini ilinde ukuvunywa.
Emva kweminyaka emine yokwakha notyalo mali olungaphezulu kwe-2.200 izigidi Iiyuro, ipaki yenziwe Ii-injini zomoya eziyi-175 zeVestas SWT, Oku kunabela elwandle okuhlala kwindawo emalunga ne-100 leekhilomitha kumgama weekhilomitha ezingama-20 ukusuka kunxweme lwaseKent, kumazantsi mpuma eNgilane.
Umndilili we Iikhilomitha ezili-450 iintambo zasemanzini kunye izikhululo ezibini ezingaselunxwemeni, ebeka embindini amandla aveliswa ziinjini zomoya phambi kokuyihambisa emhlabeni ngaphakathi.
Ukudibanisa iinjini zomoya
Ukulungiselela ukufakelwa kweinjini yomoya nganye elunxwemeni, kuye kwafuneka kwakhiwe umnatha rhoqo weemfumba ezilungelelaniswe neempawu ezithile zolwandle, ngobunzulu obuhluka phakathi kweemitha ezi-5 ukuya kwezingama-25 ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko. Ezi nkxaso zivumela i-injini nganye ukuba inyuswe IVestas SWT-3.6MW-120 ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lolwandle, kwaye kwelinye icala, yenza njengesiseko sokuhambisa ubunzima bayo ukuya kuthi ga I-225 itoni emhlabeni.
Inye yee-injini zomoya eziyi-175 zinobude be- 147 mitha, 90 mitha Rotor ubukhulu kunye blade ubude 58,5 mitha. Ukuthuthwa kwamandla okwenziwa nganye nganye, kukho 210 km yentambo yolwandle edibanisa itanki nganye kunye nezikhululo ezibini ezingaselunxwemeni, kwaye zona zidibanisa nokudibanisa Cleve induli kumhlaba owomileyo 4 iintambo ka 150 kV ezifikelela kwi 220 km yobude.
Ngokwengqikelelo yabaxhasi, kwi-2012 ifama yomoya eselunxwemeni esele ikho ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ibonelela malunga 1,5% yombane, kodwa nge-London Array eli nani kulindeleke ukuba lenyuke ngaphezulu kwe- 5% kuthintela ukukhutshwa kwe I-925.000 itoni yonyaka CO2.
Ukwamkelwa kwamandla omoya njengenye yezona zinto zingcolisayo kwaye zikhuselekile kwindawo yamandla aseYurophu kuqala ukudlala indima efanelekileyo kwimveliso yamandla ahlaziyekayo kwilizwe lonke. Kwimeko yomoya oselunxwemeni, amandla aveliswa ziinjini zomoya anefuthe elincinci kwi ngileyo, ayifuni ukulahla okanye ukushenxisa umhlaba, kwaye ukubekwa elunxwemeni, kunefuthe ngaphantsi kobundlobongela kwizilwanyana nezityalo xa kuthelekiswa nomoya oqhelekileyo.
Ukwanda kwexesha elizayo
I-London Array igqithile kulindelo lwefama yomoya kwi Ingxaki yeGoodbard, Iziseko zophuhliso ezikuloo ndawo inye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zibambe isihloko sesona sikhulu ifama yomoya yonxweme kwihlabathi elinomthamo ofakiweyo we I-500 MW. Kodwa akuphelelanga apho.
Ngombono wokuqhubeka nokukhokelela ugqatso olunomdla kumoya waselunxwemeni owenziwe yi-United Kingdom, abaxhasi beLondon Array ngoku bazimisele ukwandisa amandla abo ukusuka kwi-630 MW yangoku ukuya kwi 870. Eli nqanaba lesibini lilindele ukuvunywa ngabasemagunyeni abohlukeneyo, kodwa liyakudibanisa le fama yomoya njengeyona inkulu yakha yakhiwa. Kule 2017 sizakuba nayo impendulo?