Utshintsho lwemozulu ngowona mceli mngeni mkhulu kwezendalo kwanamhlanje kwaye ingqalelo yoluntu iyanda unyaka nonyaka. IsiVumelwano saseParis sango-2015 sasithathe amanyathelo ngokuthatha amanyathelo, njengoko amazwe ali-195 avumile ukunciphisa ubushushu behlabathi ukuya kuma-2 ° C kwixesha langaphambi kwemizi-mveliso ekupheleni kwale nkulungwane, kwaye baqhubeke nokusebenza ukuwunciphisa ufike ku-1,5 ° C. decarbonization Yinkqubo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwiatmosfera, ngakumbi icarbon dioxide (CO2). Iinjongo zayo kukufezekisa uqoqosho lwehlabathi olunemveliso ephantsi kunye nokufezekisa ukungathathi cala kwemozulu ngokutshintsha kwamandla.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga ne-decarbonization, iimpawu zayo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo ekutshintsheni kwemozulu.
Yintoni i-decarbonization
Ngokutshisa ii-fossil fuels ukuphuhlisa uqoqosho, ubuntu bonyuse ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni dayoksayidi. Esi sesinye sezizathu zempembelelo kwigreenhouse kwaye ke sesinye sezizathu zokufudumala komhlaba kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu. I-Decarbonization ifuna utshintsho lwamandla, Olu lutshintsho kulwakhiwo olususa ikhabhoni kwimveliso yamandla. Kukufakelwa kombane kwezoqoqosho ngokusekwe kumandla ombane acocekileyo akhupha kuphela amandla anokufunxwa ngumhlaba.
Utshintsho kuqoqosho olungathathi hlangothi lwekhabhoni ngowama-2050 kunokwenzeka kwaye lwenza ukuba uqoqosho luqonde. Ukwahlulahlula uqoqosho kukwalithuba elihle lokudala ubutyebi, ukudala imisebenzi, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho womoya. Imeko-bume yolawulo sisitshixo ekuphuhliseni amandla okuphatha amandla nangasetyenziswanga kunye nokusetyenziswa kokugqibela ngexabiso eliphantsi kunye nokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwekhabhoni ngokufanelekileyo.
Kule minyaka idlulileyo, iYurophu ibingoyena mntu ukhuthazayo othathe isigqibo malunga notshintsho lwamandla ehlabathi, exhasa ukufezekiswa koqoqosho olunekhabhoni esezantsi ngemigaqo-nkqubo kunye neenjongo zomthetho. I-European Green Deal yapapashwa ekupheleni kowama-2019. Isicwangciso-qhinga seKhomishini yaseYurophu ukufezekisa ukungathathi cala kwekhabhoni nokwandisa ukhuphiswano ngo-2050, kunye nokuphelisa ukukhula koqoqosho ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo.
Ukuchithwa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-decarbonization
I-decarbonisation esebenzayo yindlela yokuzama ukufezekisa ukungathathi hlangothi kwecarbon ngexabiso eliphantsi, ukuze isiphelo ngasinye samandla sinciphise ukukhutshwa kusetyenziswa ezona ndlela zinokukhuphisana. Umbane ngumbane ophethe umbane ovumela ukudityaniswa okukhulu kwamandla ahlaziyekayo, kuba Yeyiphi eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokwenza decarbonize amanye amacandelo ezoqoqosho ngexabiso eliphantsi. Ngapha koko, kuphela kwendlela yokuphucula ukusebenza kwamandla, ongumgaqo osisiseko we-decarbonisation.
Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenziseni ukuphela kwamandla, ukufakelwa kombane akunakwenzeka okanye kukhuphiswano. Kwezi meko, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwee-fuelbonized fuels, ezikwimeko yokuqala yetekhnoloji kwaye zisabiza.
Umceli mngeni wokuqala wotshintsho lwamandla ombane kukwenza ukuba icandelo lezombane libe lelona lifanelekileyo, elilungele ukufezekisa le njongo ngokukhawuleza nangokukhuphisanayo, ngenxa yokudityaniswa okwandayo kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kwipotfoliyo yokuvelisa umbane. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngeenxa zonke Ama-65% okuvelisa amandla ahlaziyiweyo aya kufezekiswa ngowama-2030 nama-85% ngowama-2050. Oku kufuna amanyathelo athile anjengala alandelayo:
- Ukukhuthaza amandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokukhuthaza iindlela zokhuphiswano.
- Uphuhliso kunye nokufakwa ekhompyutheni kwamaseko othungelwano anesakhelo somthetho esizinzileyo nesingalindelekanga.
- Ukuseka indlela yokusebenza yokuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo inamandla afanelekileyo kunye nokuguquguquka ngendlela ezinzileyo.
- Ukukhuthaza ukugcinwa kwamandla aphezulu kunye nokukhuthaza ukulawulwa okuphezulu kwamandla avuselelekayo.
Umceli mngeni wesibini kukuwenza idekhoni amanye amacandelo oqoqosho ngokwanda kombane, ikakhulu kwezothutho (ngezithuthi zombane) nakwizakhiwo (ngeempompo zobushushu zombane). Kule nto, kubalulekile ukubeka isiseko sokwenza imeko yokukhuphisana phakathi kwamandla:
- Ngokuhambelana nomgaqo "wongcolisi ubhatala", misela irhafu yemo yendalo esingqongileyo (yonke imithombo yamandla inendleko zokuchithwa kwekhabhoni).
- Susa izithintelo kufakelo lombane, ukuphelisa ukunganikezeli ngeendleko zombane, kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kombane.
Amandla angasebenziyo
Ukusetyenziswa okuthile kwabathengi, njengokuhambisa ngenqwelomoya, ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya, ukuthutha umsebenzi onzima, okanye amashishini anobushushu obuphezulu, azinakwenzeka okanye azikhuphisani ekufakweni kombane. Kule meko, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ii-fuelbonized fuels ukufezekisa ukungathathi cala kwekhabhoni, nangona uphuhliso lwabo lwetekhnoloji lungakakhuli, ke indleko ezikhoyo ngoku ziphezulu kakhulu.
Ezi niches zimele i-16% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla e-EU kunye nokukhutshwa, ngenxa yoko zinefuthe elincinci kubalo luphela kwaye zinokuchazwa kamva xa ubuchwepheshe obufunekayo bube nokhuphiswano ngakumbi.
Ukuphucula ukukhula kwakho kwezobuchwepheshe, Kuyimfuneko ukukhuthaza uphando kunye nophuhliso lwezi zisombululo zokucoca, kwaye kubandakanya amashishini ahambelana noko yokwandisa ukumiselwa kweenkqubo zakho.
Inyathelo ngesinyathelo
Igama elithi decarbonisation liphindaphindwe ngokunyuka okwandayo kwiintetho zopolitiko nakwizixhobo zomgaqo-nkqubo woluntu kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Oku kujonge ukuthatha amanyathelo okuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kweefosili eziqulathe ikhabhoni kulwakhiwo lweemolekyuli, ukutsha okukhupha amandla, ungcoliseko kunye neegesi zegreenhouse.
Amafutha asefossil aquka amalahle, i-oyile, izinto eziphuma kuwo, kunye negesi yendalo (methane). Zonke zinento efanayo yemichiza, icarbon (C), engafanele ukudideka nekhabhon, enguphethiloli omnye kweli qela. Amanye amafutha, afana neenkuni zokubasa, nawo ane khabhon, kodwa kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lohlaza, ikharbhon ihlala ikhona kutyani amashumi eminyaka, iinkulungwane, kunye namawaka eminyaka.
Xa amafutha atshisa amandla, avelisa ixabiso elingafaniyo lekhabhon dioksidi kunye nezinye izinto, uninzi lwazo ezingcolisayo. Izinto ezikhutshwayo eziveliswe kwinkqubo zixhomekeke kwiimpawu zepetroli nganye kunye netekhnoloji esetyenzisiweyo ukuzitshisa. Eyona khabhon inobume beemolekyuli, kokukhona isixa esikhulu sale nto sikhutshelwa emoyeni. Ngapha koko, ukuba amafutha eefosili anjengeoyile, amalahle okanye irhasi yendalo itshisiwe, ikhabhon ekufanele ukuba igcinwe kumawaka eminyaka izakuqhubeka nokujikeleza emoyeni.
Ukuba umlilo ugqibelele, ikhabhoni kunye nehydrogen kwi-petroli iya kudibana neoksijini esemoyeni kwaye ekuphela kweemveliso zecarbon dioxide kunye namanzi (H2O). Kodwa enyanisweni, ivelisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezinobungozi, ezinje nge i-particulate matter, i-carbon monoxide, i-nitrogen oxides, i-sulfur oxides kunye ne-organic organic compounds. Ezinye zazo zichaphazela imozulu yommandla.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuchithwa kwempawu kunye neempawu zayo.