Njengokuba umntu ekhangela imithombo yamandla enokuphinda isebenze njengezinye iindlela iifosili, ii-biofuels zazalwa. Enye yazo yi biomethane. I-Biomethane ivela kwi-biogas, efunyenwe ngenxa yemigangatho eyahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisa le biogas, kufuneka ihlanjululwe. Le yindlela yokuzalwa kwe-biomethane.
Apha sikuxelela yonke into malunga nale biofuel.
Yintoni i-biomethane kwaye iveliswa njani
Kuyimfuneko ukuhlalutya ukubaluleka kweminye imithombo yamandla kumandla angahlaziyekiyo, ukusukela ungcoliseko lomoya luyenza mandundu imiphumo yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Kancinci kancinci kuya kufuneka siye kutshintsho lwamandla apho imithombo yamandla ivela kwimvelaphi eyahlukeneyo kwaye sifumana umxube ogcweleyo ngakumbi apho amandla ahlaziyekayo abaluleke kakhulu.
El biogas Yeyona iveliswayo evela kwimixholo eyahlukeneyo yebhayoloji. Siyayibona isenza intsalela yezolimo njengezityalo eziphakathi, umgquba, umququ, njl. Ikwenziwe kwilindle lendle kunye nenye inkunkuma yendalo, kokubini kwasekhaya nakwimizi-mveliso. Kuyaziwa ukuba imveliso ye-biogas iphezulu kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma. Kule mihlaba yokulahla inkunkuma kwenziwa amalinge okubeka iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokungcwaba inkunkuma kunye nokwakha imibhobho yokuphinda umoya oveliswa kukubola kwenkunkuma. Le gesi ibizwa ngokuba yi-biogas.
Nangona kunjalo, le biogas ayinakusetyenziswa njengoko yenziwe, kodwa kufuneka iqale ihlanjululwe. Makhe sijonge kwimvelaphi ye-biogas ukuze sazi kakuhle apho i-biomethane ivela khona. Imveliso ye-Biogas yenziwa ngenxa yokugaya ukutya kwe-anaerobic. Oku kuthetha ukuba, xa kungekho oksijini. Zininzi iibhaktheriya ezenza ngokudodobala kwezinto eziphilayo kwaye azidingi oksijini ukwenza njalo. Ngale nkqubo kuvela igesi yokuqala engaphendulwanga.
Ukwenziwa kwale gesi kuphakathi kwe-50 kunye ne-75% yemethane kunye ne-CO2 eseleyo kunye nesixa esincinci somphunga wamanzi, initrogen, ioksijini, kunye nehydrogen sulfide. Le gesi irhasi sele yenziwe inako ukukhupha umphunga omncinci wamanzi onawo kunye nezinye izinto ezincinci ukuze zikwazi ukuvelisa ubushushu nombane.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuze usebenzise i-biogas nangayiphi na indlela, enje ngenaliti yayo kuthungelwano lwegesi yendalo okanye ukuyisebenzisa njengamafutha kwizithuthi, kufuneka uhambe ngenkqubo yokuhlanjululwa kwangaphambili. Inkqubo iqulathe ukususwa kwekhabhoni dayokhsayidi ekwakhiweni kwayo, ukuze uninzi lwegesi ibe yimethane. Okuninzi Ngokwesiqhelo, irhasi ekhuhliweyo ine-96% yemethane kwaye ihlangabezana nemigangatho ethile ukuba isetyenziswe ngokungathi yirhasi yendalo.
Ukususela kumzuzu apho irhasi inokwakhiwa, sele ibizwa ngokuba yi-biomethane.
Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuzinza
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, i-biomethane yenye yeendlela ezinokuphinda zenziwe kumbane we-fossil. Ukubunjwa kunye namandla ombane afana negesi yendalo. Ke ngoko, isetyenziselwa iinjongo ezifanayo. I-Biomethane inokujova kuthungelwano lwegesi kwaye isetyenziswe njengegesi yendalo ngokwemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo okanye isetyenziswe njengamafutha kwizithuthi.
Ukuveliswa kwale gesi kuzinzileyo, kuba kusetyenziswa izinto ezahlukeneyo ezingafunekiyo. Oku kwenza ukuba indalo esingqongileyo yahluke kakhulu, kodwa zisetyenziswa bhetele kunemithombo yamafutha. Ngexesha lokuvelisa akukho kungcoliseka kwaye, nangona ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kukho, ibhalansi iyonke iphantsi kakhulu kunokuba sisebenzisa irhasi eqhelekileyo. Ukongeza, i-biomethane iyahlaziywa ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Xa usebenzisa iigayiti, ezinje ngezichumisi eziphilayo kunye nophuculo lomhlaba, ukonga okuninzi kwiindleko zemveliso yezinye izichumisi zezimbiwa kuyafezekiswa. Ngale ndlela, sinqanda ukukhutshwa okunxulumene nemveliso. Sibuyela kwinqanaba ngaphambili, ibhalansi iyonke yokukhutshwa iphantsi. Ukukunika umbono, kuqikelelwa ukuba ngokusetyenziswa kokugaya endaweni yezichumisi zezimbiwa Ukukhutshwa kwe-CO13 ngetoni nganye kunokuncitshiswa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2 kg.
Izinto eziluncedo ngokusetyenziswa kwayo
Njengoko sele sibonile ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-biomethane yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yamandla kukhetho olungenakuhlaziywa. Zininzi izibonelelo ezibonelelwa yile gesi. Ngokukodwa, enye yazo kukuba iyimveliso efanelekileyo evela kwindawo yokujonga. Ingasetyenziselwa kwiziseko ezikhoyo zegesi yendalo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwakha entsha. Izazinzulu zibanga ukuba Itekhnoloji yokuhlanjululwa yamkelwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye iyagcinakala.
Ngokumalunga noncedo lokusetyenziswa kwayo, inegalelo ekuhlangabezaneni neenjongo zemozulu kuba inciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 iyonke. Oku kuzisa ukuphuculwa komgangatho womoya kwaye kunika amandla amakhulu okuzimela. Ngamandla amakhulu okuzimela akukho mfuneko yokuba sixhomekeke ekuthengeni amandla kwamanye amazwe kuba siyakwazi ukuwavelisa ngokwethu.
Olunye uncedo iya kuba yimisebenzi evelisayo ngexesha ukuveliswa nokusetyenziswa kwe-biomethane kwimimandla yezolimo kunye namandla ombane asebenza kakuhle.
Iveliswa njani i-biomethane eYurophu
Kukho amazwe ali-15 akwi-European Union avelisa asebenzise i-biomethane. Uninzi lwale biomethane lusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ubushushu nombane. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwezothutho kubaluleke ngakumbi kwaye kwenza indawo enkulu kwiimarike. Umzekelo, eSweden sifumana i-biomethane njengombane onepesenti ephezulu yokusetyenziswa kunegesi yendalo. IJamani iyakwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwale gesi ngokuqaphelekayo kwiminyaka edlulileyo.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba, ngo-2020, Umthamo wee-biogas ezivelisayo uzakuba ngaphezulu kwe-14 yezigidigidi zeekyubhi, olingana negesi yendalo. Lo mthamo we-biomethane awuyi kuba naziphumo zibi kumhlaba wasefama osetyenziselwa ukutya kunye nemveliso yokutya. Ukujikeleza kwezityalo kunye nokurisayikilisha kwezakhamzimba kwi-ecosystem, imveliso iphucula umbulelo ngokusetyenziswa kweetyetyiswa.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-biomethane kunye neempawu zayo.