Amandla enyukliya Enye yezona zinto ziphikisanayo xa kuziwa ekuveliseni nasekujonganeni nayo. Kwaye kukuba, ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwayo, inkunkuma eqhumayo iveliswa yingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo kwaye inokudala umonakalo omkhulu. Ukufumana unyango oluchanekileyo lwale nkunkuma eqhumayo sinayo amangcwaba enyukliya. Ngaba uyazi ukuba yintoni amangcwaba enyukliya? IBhunga lezoKhuseleko lweNyukliya kwizicwangciso zakho? Kule nqaku ungayifumana yonke.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngesi sihloko, funda.
Yintoni amangcwaba enyukliya
Amandla enyukliya asebenze iminyaka emininzi kwaye inkunkuma yayo kufuneka iphathwe ngokuchanekileyo ukunciphisa ukonakaliswa kwendalo kwaye kungazisi iingxaki ezinzulu kwimpilo yabantu. Igama elithi amangcwaba enyukliya belingaziwa kude kube kutshanje luluntu lwaseSpain. Nangona kunjalo, Kwilizwe lethu sinye nolwakhiwo lwesibini luyabonakala.
I-priori, amangcwaba enyukliya afana nokulahlwa komhlaba. Imalunga ne indawo egcinwe kuyo le nkunkuma yenyukliya ukuze ingenzi monakalo. Umahluko phakathi kwenkunkuma esiyilahla kwindawo enye nenye kukuba ekugcwaliseni komhlaba zizinto eziphilayo ezifikelela ekuhambeni kweminyaka, iminyaka, ukubola. Inkunkuma yenyukliya iyasasazeka ngemitha kwaye inokudala umonakalo omkhulu kokusingqongileyo nakwimpilo yethu ukuba ayinyangwa ngokuchanekileyo okanye ukuba ibangela uhlobo oluthile lokuchitheka kwenyukliya.
Iindidi zenkunkuma yenyukliya
Inkunkuma yenyukliya ebekwe kwezi ndawo yahlulwe yaziintlobo ezintathu:
- Inkunkuma yenqanaba eliphantsi. Imalunga nezo nkunkuma zingenabungozi kwaye zenziwe ezibhedlele nakwimizi-mveliso ngokubanzi. Ezi nkunkuma zigcinwa kwimigqomo zize zilahlwe emangcwabeni enyukliya, kuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ziphinde zisetyenziswe kwakhona. Ziyimveliso ezinomjikelo wobomi wazo kwaye azisekho kuzo.
- Inkunkuma yenqanaba eliphakathi. Zizo ezo zithathwa njengezinobungozi. Zenziwe kumdaka, kwiintsalela nakwiikhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zenyukliya. Phakathi kwezi zinto sifumana ezinye zingcolisiwe kokunye ukudiliza okunokuba yingozi ngakumbi.
- Umsebenzi omkhulu wenkunkuma. Ezi zezona zinobungozi kwaye ezo zivela ngqo kwizixhobo zenyukliya. Olu hlobo lwenkunkuma luvela kwinkqubo ye- Ukulwa kwenyukliya kunye nezinye izinto zeTransuranic. Banenkunkuma ene-radioactivity ephezulu kwaye ixesha labo lokuphela komsinga lidlula iminyaka engama-30.
Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwenkunkuma ekufuneka igcinwe, amangcwaba enyukliya ayenziwe. Ezi ndawo bezikade zinemiqathango ngaphambili ayibangeli nayiphi na impembelelo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ewe izinto azisoloko zihamba njengoko bekucetyiwe. Zininzi izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinokuchaphazela loo ndawo kwixesha elide. Kulapho uloyiko kunye nokwamkelwa okungafanelekanga kwamangcwaba enyukliya (noko) kufutshane nekhaya lakho kulele khona.
Iintsalela zigcinwa de zilinde ukubola kwazo.
Ilahlwa phi inkunkuma nganye yenyukliya?
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwenkunkuma esiyinyangayo, iindawo ezingaphezulu okanye ezingaphantsi komgangatho ziyafuneka kwaye ezinokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwimpilo yabantu nakokusingqongileyo.
Inkunkuma yenqanaba elisezantsi ibekwe kwaye igcinwe kwezinye iimigodi ezilahliweyo. Le migodi ishiyiweyo ilungele ukubeka le nkunkuma ingabangeli monakalo kwaye apho inokuthotywa khona.
Kukho iindawo zokugcina okwethutyana apho zigcinwa khona kwaye kamva zafakwa inani elikhulu kumangcwaba amakhulu enyukliya. Umzekelo, eyona ndawo inkulu eyaziwayo yile ebizwa ngokuba kugcino olunzulu lwejoloji (kwisifinyezo sayo, i-AGP). Olu hlobo lwendawo lubekiwe kwaye lulungiselelwe ukugcina inkunkuma ekumgangatho ophezulu ethatha ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-1000 ukuba inyamalale. Ezi ndawo zisaphuhliswa, kuba kunzima ukulungisa indawo kumhlaba ongaphantsi ukuze ungonakalisi yonke indawo apho ikhoyo.
Nangona yamkelwe kancinci eluntwini kwaye ingamkelwa kwaphela ngabazungezi kwihlabathi liphela, lulwandle. Imijelo yolwandle ziindawo ezinzulu phantsi kolwandle kwaye ukusebenza kwazo kunento yokwenza neetekoniki zepleyiti. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba uqweqwe lomhlaba "luyazika" minyaka le phantsi kwengubo yomhlaba kancinci kancinci kwaye, indawo yokutshatyalaliswa koqweqwe lomhlaba yimisele yaselwandle. Ke ngoko, oku kusetyenziswa ukujika babe ngamangcwaba enyukliya.
Amangcwaba enyukliya eSpain
Kukho amangcwaba enyukliya abekwe kwihlabathi lonke. Okucacileyo kukuba apho kukho isityalo esinye okanye ezingaphezulu zamandla enyukliya, kufuneka kubekho amangcwaba enyukliya. Kwilizwe lethu sinamangcwaba enyukliya anenkunkuma ekumgangatho ophakathi kunye nomgangatho ophakathi kwindawo yase-El Cabril (eCórdoba). Umthamo wayo uqikelelwa ukuba ufanele inkunkuma leyo ziveliswa kude kube malunga no-2030.
Kude kube ngo-2009 kwakungekho ndawo yokugcina inkunkuma. Ukuze ufumane unyango olungcono ngenkunkuma yenyukliya, owayesakuba nguMongameli kaRhulumente, uJosé Luis Rodríguez Zapatero wavuma ukulungiswa komnye wabo eVillar de Cañas eCastilla-La Mancha.
Ngokucacileyo, olu hlobo lokwakha lwadala impikiswano enkulu kunye nenkcaso evela kwamanye amaqela ezopolitiko. Nangona kunjalo, iprojekthi yamkelwe ngenxa yesidingo sale nkunkuma ukuze ibe nonyango kunye nokugcinwa okungcono.
Ukulawulwa kwenkunkuma eqhumayo ngumba onzima kakhulu. Baninzi abantu kunye namaqela ezopolitiko acinga ukuba amangcwaba enyukliya e-El Cabril akufuneki andiswe, kuba kukude kakhulu kumaziko enyukliya (jonga ISityalo saMandla eNyukliya saseCofrentes y Isityalo saMandla eNyukliya saseAlmaraz). Ngexesha lokuhamba, iingozi ezithile zinokuveliswa ezithi zibangele iingxaki ezininzi ngakumbi kunaleyo kuzanywa ukuyiphepha.
Ngamafutshane, amandla enyukliya icocekile ngexesha lokuvelisa, ukuba siyayithelekisa nalawo asebenzisa ifosili yeefuweli. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokwenza kwabo, ezi nkunkuma zinokuba yingozi kakhulu kwimpilo yabantu nakwimeko yendawo. Ke ngoko, unyango oluchanekileyo lwabo kufuneka lube kwindawo yokuqala kuzo zonke iindawo.