Thermoelectric amandla elanga

La amandla elanga ombane o Solar thermal bubugcisa obusebenzisa ubushushu belanga ukuvelisa umbane. Le nkqubo yenzeke kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-solar power power plant, okanye izityalo zamandla elanga, ezaqala ukwakhiwa eYurophu naseJapan ekuqaleni kweminyaka ye-80. Inzuzo yala mandla kukuba ihlambulukile, ininzi kwaye ihlaziywa. : Rhoqo ngeentsuku ezilishumi, uMhlaba ufumana elangeni umlinganiselo ofanayo wamandla njengabo bonke oovimba abaziwayo beoyile, irhasi namalahle. Okwangoku, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo zamandla elanga ze-thermoelectric. ISpain ikwindawo enenzuzo kule ntsimi, kuba inezityalo ezininzi ezishushu zelanga kunye necandelo loshishino elomeleleyo, elithatha inxaxheba kwiiprojekthi kwihlabathi liphela.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga neempawu kunye nokubaluleka kwamandla elanga e-thermoelectric.

Yintoni amandla elanga e-thermoelectric

Isityalo samandla elanga sisebenza njengesixhobo sombane esishushu, kodwa endaweni yamalahle okanye igesi yendalo, isebenzisa amandla elanga. Imitha yelanga igxile kwizipili ezikwisixhobo sokwamkela, ifikelela kumaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-1.000 ºC. Obu bushushu busetyenziselwa ukufudumeza ulwelo kunye nokuvelisa umphunga, oqhuba iiinjini zomoya kunye nokuvelisa umbane. Ngelixa izityalo zokuqala zinokusebenza kuphela ngeeyure zemitha yelanga, namhlanje ubushushu bunokugcinwa ukuze buvelise ebusuku.

Iintlobo zezityalo

Ngoku kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zezityalo zamandla obushushu belanga. Ukuveliswa kombane kuyafana, umahluko yindlela amandla elanga agxininiswe ngayo.

Isityalo se-solar thermal tower

Isebenzisa isethi yezipili ezikwaziyo ukulawuleka, ezibizwa ngokuba ziiheliostats, ukujolisa imitha yelanga kumamkeli abekwe kwinqaba. Kwixesha eliphakathi, bubuchwephesha obuqinisekisiweyo, obusebenzayo nobunenzuzo. Izityalo zokuqala zokulinga zolu hlobo zakhiwe eAlmería (eSpain) naseNio (eJapan) ngowe-1981. Umngeni okhoyo ngoku kukunciphisa iindleko zokwakha inqaba yezityalo zamandla obushushu belanga.

Parabolic dish okanye Stirling dish solar thermal power plant

Esi sikhululo samandla obushushu belanga sisebenzisa isipili esifana nesitya sokujolisa imitha yelanga kwi-injini ye-Stirling kwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo kwiparabola, ngoko ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-central Stirling disk. Ubushushu obuqokelelweyo bunyusa ubushushu bomoya, obuqhuba i-injini ye-Stirling kunye ne-injini yomoya ukuvelisa umbane. Esona sityalo sidumileyo se-parabolic dish siseMojave (eUnited States).

Umkhombe weParabolic weplanti yobushushu belanga

Ezi ntlobo zezityalo zezona zithembisayo kwimbono yorhwebo. Basebenzisa isipili esikwimo yeparabolic cylinder kunye nomjelo ecaleni kweasi yawo egxininisa imitha yelanga. Umbhobho unolwelo olufudunyezwayo kwaye uvelise umphunga oqhuba i-injini yomoya. I-Parabolic trough yezityalo ezishushu zelanga zisebenza eSpain nakwamanye amazwe.

Ukuphuhliswa kwamandla elanga e-thermoelectric

Iziseko zamandla obushushu belanga zachazwa nguAugustin Mouchot ngowe-1878, kwaye ngeminyaka yee-1980 amava athile abonisa ukusebenza kwawo. Nangona kunjalo, kude kube kutshanje, amandla e-thermoelectric elanga athintelwe zizinto ezintathu:

• Iindleko eziphezulu zezixhobo iqalile ukuhla njengoko iteknoloji iphuhlisiwe kwaye izivuno zanda.
• Akunakwenzeka ukugcina amandla ukuze uvelise ubusuku bonke. Lo mda kutsha nje uqalise ukoyiswa bubugcisa obugcina ubushushu. Umzekelo, isityalo seGemasolar eSeville sisebenzisa ityuwa etyhidiweyo ukugcina ubushushu, yiyo loo nto iye yaba sisiziko sokuqala samandla obushushu belanga esikwaziyo ukunika amandla iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku.
• Izixa ezikhulu zemitha yelanga ziyafuneka unyaka wonke, nto leyo ethintela ukuqaliswa kwala mandla kwimimandla esemazantsi. Nangona kunjalo, iiprojekthi zamabhongo ezifana neDesertec zicebisa ukuseka iifektri kwimimandla efana nentlango yeSahara kwaye emva koko ithumele umbane eYurophu.
• Iiprojekthi ezininzi zamandla obushushu belanga ziyaphuhliswa ngoku kumazwe anjengeAlgeria, iMorocco, iUnited States okanye iOstreliya. Abaninzi babebandakanyekile kwiSpanish.

Amandla elanga eThermoelectric eSpain

ISpain ligunya lehlabathi kumandla obushushu belanga. Iimeko zelizwe zilungele ukufakwa kwezixhobo zombane zelanga ngenxa yobuninzi beeyure zokukhanya kwelanga kunye neendawo zayo ezinkulu zentlango. Izityalo zokuqala zokulinga, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-SSPS/CRS kunye ne-CESA 1, zakhiwa eTabenas (Almería) ngo-1981 nango-1983, ngokulandelelanayo.

Kwi-2007, i-PS10 yokuqala yorhwebo ye-solar plant ye-solar emhlabeni yathunyelwa eSanlúcar la Mayor (Seville). Ngo-2011, izityalo ezingama-21 ezinomthamo we-852,4 MW bezisebenza kunye nezinye ezingama-40 kwiprojekthi, ngokutsho kweProtermosolar, Umbutho waseSpain weshishini le-thermal yelanga. Xa zonke ezi zityalo zitsha ziqala ukusebenza, malunga no-2014, iSpain iya kuba ngumvelisi ohamba phambili wehlabathi lo mthombo othembisayo we-100% ococekileyo kunye nokuhlaziywa kwamandla.

Izicelo

• Izicelo: Amanzi ashushu acocekileyo, ukufudumeza, umoya opholileyo kunye nokufudumeza kwedama lokuqubha. Kumakhaya anosapho olunye inokugubungela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-70% yamanzi ashushu asetyenzisiweyo.
• Umsebenzi: Iipleyiti ze-thermal zinoxanduva lokuqokelela i-radiation yelanga kunye nokuhambisa ubushushu kumanzi ajikelezayo kuwo.
• Imigaqo kunye noncedo: IKhowudi yeSakhiwo soBugcisa (CTE) evunyiweyo kwi-2006 idinga ukufakwa kweepaneli zelanga kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezitsha. Uncedo lwelizwe kunye nommandla lunokuhlawula isinye kwisithathu ukuya kwisiqingatha seendleko zokufakela.
• Iindleko kunye nogcino: Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lokufakela i-2 square metres kuphela malunga ne-1.500 ye-euro yamanzi ashushu. Xa kuthelekiswa negesi yendalo okanye ibhoyili yepropane, ukonga amandla yi-€ 150 / ngonyaka, kwaye ukuba i-fuel fuels kunye nombane ziqhubeka zikhula, ukugcinwa kwamandla kuya kuba kukhulu ngakumbi. Ngaphandle kwenkxaso-mali, ixesha lokuhlawula limalunga neminyaka eyi-10, kunye nenkxaso, kuthatha iminyaka emi-5 kuphela.

Amandla elanga eThermoelectric nawo anezicelo ngaphakathi kwekhaya. Makhe sibone ukuba ziyintoni na:

• Isicelo: Ukuveliswa kwamandla ombane okusetyenziswa ekhaya okanye ukuthengiswa kwakhona kwinethiwekhi ngokubanzi.
• Umsebenzi: Iiphaneli zephotovoltaic ziguqula imitha yelanga ibe ngumbane.
• Imigaqo kunye noncedo: Iinkampani zamandla zifunwa ngokusemthethweni ukuba zithenge umbane we-PV odibeneyo wegridi, ukuhlawula isaphulelo kubavelisi (okwangoku i-575% yexabiso nge-kilowatt). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iikhowudi zokwakha zobugcisa zifuna ukufakwa kweepaneli ze-photovoltaic kuyo nayiphi na isakhiwo soluntu okanye sangasese esingaphezu kwe-3.000 square metres.
• Iindleko kunye nogcino: Ukuzibonelela, ixabiso leyunithi encinci ye-5 kW ijikeleze i-35.000 euro. Ngenxa yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngonyaka kwi-avareji yekhaya malunga ne-725 euros, utyalo-mali aluncitshiswa de kube semva kweminyaka engama-48.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-thermoelectric energy yelanga kunye neempawu zayo.