Phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamandla ezikhoyo, sinayo amandla eekhemikhali. Inye iqulethwe okanye eyenzeka ngokusabela kweekhemikhali phakathi kweemolekyuli zenye okanye ezinye iikhompawundi. Amandla angaphakathi anawo umzimba ngokusekwe kwiindidi zeebhendi zamachiza anazo ngaphakathi kwaye zenzeka phakathi kwezinto zalo. La mandla anokulinganiswa ngokuxhomekeke kwisixa esinokukhutshwa ekuphenduleni kwemichiza phakathi kwabo.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga namandla ekhemikhali kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Amandla ekhemikhali ahlala enxulunyaniswa nomba, xa iibhondi zemichiza zeeathom kunye neemolekyuli ezenza utshintsho lwento, amandla ekhemikhali avela. Oku kunokwenzeka phambi komthombo wobushushu okanye enye into etshintshiswayo ngamasuntswana, avelisa Ngokuqhelekileyo ukushisa, ukukhanya, okanye ezinye iintlobo zamandla ezivela ekuphenduleni.
Ke ngoko, amandla ekhemikhali luhlobo lwamandla anokufumaneka kwizinto zeekhemikhali. Nje ukuba ezi zinto zithathe inxaxheba ekuphenduleni, ziya kuguqulwa zibe zezinye iindlela zamandla ezinokusetyenziswa. Umzekelo, inkqubo yokutsha kwepetroli kunye nezinye ii-hydrocarbon ze-fossil ziyasebenza.
Ukusetyenziswa kwale ndlela yamandla kunokuba yinto entsha kwimbali yoluntu, kodwa akukho kwimbali yehlabathi: kususela kumaxesha amandulo, ubomi buye basebenzisa iinkqubo zokufumana amandla njenge-photosynthesis kunye ne-synthesis synthesis ukusebenzisa i-molecular chemical potential of substance. Umzekelo, ipetroli iguqula amandla eekhemikhali abe yi-kinetic energy xa isetyenziswa kwizithuthi ezihambayo.
Ngokomthetho wolondolozo lwamandla, amandla anokuguqulwa, kodwa awunakwenziwa okanye atshatyalaliswe. Ngaphaya koko, amandla ekhemikhali luhlobo lwamandla olusetyenziswayo ukuguqula lube ziindidi zamandla ezinokusetyenziswa kubomi bomntu, njengamandla alula, amandla obushushu, amandla e-kinetic, njl., Ukwenza umsebenzi.
Izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga kumandla ekhemikhali
Olu hlobo lwamandla lusetyenziswa kwimveliso nakwimveliso kuba inezibonelelo ezithile. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo zamandla ekhemikhali:
- Inokusebenza okuhle: Enkosi ngokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu, izixa ezikhulu zamandla ekhemikhali azifuneki ukufumana amandla kwiimolekyuli zazo.
- Ikuvumela ukuba uguqule lo mbandela: Ukuphendulwa kwemichiza okwenzekayo ukuvelisa olu hlobo lwamandla kunokuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemeko kwiimeko ezininzi ezinokusetyenziselwa ukufumana izinto ezintsha.
- Ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwaye isebenzise izixhobo zenkunkumaUmzekelo, i-bioethanol kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo zenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa olu hlobo lwamandla zinokubola ngokungenamsebenzi.
Gcina ukhumbula ukuba kukho nezinye izinto ezingalunganga kolu hlobo lwamandla. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi izinto ezingalunganga ezahlukeneyo zamandla ekhemikhali:
- Inemveliso: Ezi ziimveliso ezinokuthi zibe zizinto ezingcolisayo ezinje ngezibaso, ezithi ngexa lokuzisebenzisa zivelise iigesi eziyityhefu emoyeni zize zingcolise.
- Bafuna igalelo rhoqo: Kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba ukuze ikhemikhali yenzeke kufuneka isetyenziswe okanye itshiswe ngumcimbi wezinto eziphilayo ukondla impendulo yamachiza ngalo lonke ixesha.
Imichiza yamandla okutya
Ukutya esikutyayo yonke imihla ngumzekelo ofanelekileyo wamandla ekhemikhali kunye nokusetyenziswa kwawo. Oku kutya kuqulethe izinto ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo eziyimfuneko ukubonelela amandla emzimbeni wethu, ngokungathi zizibaso zeinjini zemoto.
Ezi zinto ziphilayo zigqityiwe emzimbeni wethu ukuze zifumane iswekile, ene-oxidized ngexesha lokuphefumla kweselula kwaye ikhuphe isixa esikhulu sobushushu ngohlobo lweekhalori zokugcina ukusebenza komzimba. Iswekile engaphezulu iyajika ibe ngamanqatha asebenza njengendawo yokugcina iimfuno zexesha elizayo. Olu luhlobo lokudityaniswa kwamandla kweekhemikhali iswekile yokuvelisa amandla oomatshini esiwasebenzisayo ukuhamba, ukuthetha, ukuma, ukubalekanjl. Zikwasebenza ukonyusa amandla ombane asetyenziswa zii-neurons kwaye esivumela ukuba sicinge.
Iindidi zamandla ekhemikhali
Kukho iintlobo ezintandathu zokuphendula:
- Ukutsha: Isetyenziselwa ukufumana indawo enkulu yamandla ahamba ngayo iimoto nombane.
- NONE Amandla anikwa xa izinto ezimbini ezilula zihlangana ukuze zenze into entsonkothe ngakumbi.
- Ukuhamba ngokulula: i-athomu yento enye igqithiselwa kwenye into.
- Ukutshintsha kabini: Iiathom zezinto ezimbini ziyatshintshana.
- Ukubola: into entsonkothileyo iba yinto elula.
U mzekelo
Nje ukuba sazi ukuba yintoni ikhemikhali yamandla kwaye zeziphi izibonelelo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga, ngoku lixesha lokuba ubone eminye yemizekelo eqhelekileyo:
- Ifosili yeefuweli: Ipetroli, idizili kunye neoyile esekwe kwi-petroli. Zonke zenziwe ngothotho lweemolekyuli ezisekwe kwikhabhon kunye neeathom zehydrojini ezinamabhondi anokuqhawulwa phambi kweoksijini ukukhupha amandla amakhulu. Oku kwaziwa njengokutsha.
- Ukutya: Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, ukutya esikutyayo kuneglucose ekuyo enokuthi ibe ne-oxidized emzimbeni wethu. Ngokwaphula amakhonkco sinokufumana umthwalo wekhalori ukugcina amandla omzimba.
- Bioluminescence: Siyazi ukuba kukho izinto eziphilayo ezinesakhono sokuvelisa ukukhanya ngemizimba yazo ukuze zisinde. Umzekelo, sine-lanternfish efumaneka kubunzulu bolwandle kwaye efuna le bioluminescence ukuze ikwazi ukutsala ixhoba labo. Amandla okukhanya avela kumandla ekhemikhali agcinwa yimizimba yakho kubudlelwane kunye neentsholongwane.
- Uhambo emajukujukwini: imijukujelwa ejongene nokuya emajukujukwini ukuze kufundwe ukusebenza kwendalo iphela ngokulawulwa kweekhemikhali ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ezinjengehydrogen kunye neoksijini engamanzi. Ezi zinto ziguqulwa zangamanani amakhulu e-kinetic energy asetyenziselwa ukuhambisa irokethi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga namandla ekhemikhali kunye neempawu zayo.