Kwiplanethi elawulwa ziidinosaurs, ubushushu, kunye nezilwanyana ezinkulu, amabhabhathane kunye namanundu sele egcwele uMhlaba, naxa iintyatyambo zazingekho.
Ukuba bekungekho iintyatyambo zokondla kunye nokuyifaka impova, ayenjani amabhabhathane elo xesha?
Ukuphanda amabhabhathane
Amabhabhathane afuna incindi kwiintyatyambo ukuze ondle. Xa zihamba zisuka kwenye intyatyambo ziye kwentyatyambo, zikwasasaza ngomungu ezi ntyatyambo kwaye zinegalelo ekuzaleni nasekunyuseni kwazo. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lee-dinosaurs (emva kwiJurassic naseCretaceous) Kwakungekho zintyatyambo, kodwa kwakukho amabhabhathane.
Esi sesinye sezigqibo ezifunyenwe liqela lophando eliye lahlalutya enye yeefosilidi ezindala zamabhabhathane ezaziwayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ifunyenwe kwilitye lakudala eJamani.
Ukufunyanwa kweentlobo ezisixhenxe ubuncinci kwisampulu nje yeegram ezilishumi zentlenga kubonisa ukuba iiLepidopterans bezikho kwiplanethi ixesha elide. ubuncinci iminyaka engama-200 ezigidi.
Eli qela lezinambuzane lelinye lezona zixabisekileyo kwaye zifundwe ngokunikwa uphawu lwento ekhethekileyo yokuguqula imeko kwaye kuye kwafumaniseka ukuba imvelaphi yayo ibisusela kwiminyaka engama-70 ezigidi phambi kwento ekucingelwa ukuba ikho.
Iziphumo zophando zipapashiwe kwiphephancwadi Inkqubela phambili yeSayensi. Uphononongo lukwazama ukuqonda ukuvela kwamabhabhathane kunye namanundu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngolondolozo lwabo kwixa elizayo. Xa kusenziwa izicwangciso zolondolozo lwendalo, ulwazi malunga nexesha elidlulileyo lubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni indaleko kunye nokuvezwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zemo engqongileyo ebezilawula amaxesha adlulileyo. Ngokufanelekileyo, kwiJurassic kunye neCretaceous, uxinizelelo lwekhabhon dayoksayidi emoyeni yayiphezulu kunesiqhelo kwaye amaqondo obushushu ayephezulu. Ukongeza, umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo wawugxininise ngakumbi kunangoku.
Umboko kunye nemfihlakalo yawo
Oososayensi basebenzise uhlobo lweasidi ukuze bakwazi ukunyibilikisa amatye akudala kwaye, ngale ndlela, bakwazile ukufumana amaqhekeza amatye amancinci apho kubonakala khona izikali zezi zinambuzane. Izikali zikwimeko egqibeleleyo yolondolozo.
"Sifumene iintsalela ezincinanana zezinto eziphilayo ngohlobo lwesikali," ucacise watsho uBas van de Schootbrugge, umphandi kwiYunivesithi yase-Utrecht eNetherlands kunye nombhali-mbhali wesifundo.
Ezinye zeenundu kunye namabhabhathane afunyenweyo ngawamaqela asekhona nangoku. Eli qela linolwimi olude kwi imilo yomboko abayisebenzisayo ukufunxa incindi. Nangona kunjalo, ngelo xesha iintyatyambo zazingekabikho. Kwenzeka njani oku? Akunangqondo ukuba amabhabhathane avelise iityhubhu zokuncancisa incindi ukuba akukho ntyatyambo ziqulathe incindi enjalo.
"Ukufumanisa kwethu kubonisa ukuba eli qela (elinoluhlobo lolwimi) ebekufanele ukuba liguqulwe ziintyatyambo lidala kakhulu, utshilo uSchootbrugge.
Oku kuyacaca xa kusaziwa ukuba kwiJurassic bekukho izixa ezikhulu zejimnosperms ezithi, nangona zingavelisi iintyatyambo, zivelisa incindi yeswekile yokufaka umungu emoyeni. Ngesi sizathu, amabhabhathane atya incindi yeejimnosperm ezithile ezinje ngeeconifers ngaphambi kokuba avele. iintyatyambo kwiminyaka eyi-130 yezigidi eyadlulayo.
Obu bungqina butsha bubonisa ukuba esi siqwenga somlomo sidibeneyo sisebenze omnye umsebenzi ngaphambi kokuba izityalo zidubule.
Into eluncedo kulondolozo
Olu phononongo lubonelela ngolwazi olutsha oluluncedo kulondolozo lwamabhabhathane kwiindawo ezinobunzima. Zikwasixelela nokuba ezi zinambuzane zikwazile njani ukwenza amathanga onke amazwekazi ngaphandle kweAntarctica.
Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba lepidoptera wasinda ekuphelisweni kobunzima ekupheleni kwe-Triassic ezitshabalalise iintlobo ezininzi zeplanethi. Ke ngoko kubalulekile ukuba wazi indlela amabhabhathane ayenzileyo ukusinda kwezi zinto ziphelayo xa ujongene nendlela utshintsho lwemozulu olunokubachaphazela ngayo.