Los abaqokeleli belanga Abaqokeleli be-Thermal, abakwabizwa ngokuba ngabaqokeleli be-thermal yelanga, bayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yofakelo lobushushu belanga. Umqokeleli welanga luhlobo lwepaneli yelanga enoxanduva lokuthatha imisebe yelanga kunye nokuguqula ibe yi-thermal energy. Ngoko ke, olu hlobo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo lubizwa ngokuba yi-solar thermal energy.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into oyifunayo ukuba uyazi malunga nabaqokeleli belanga, iimpawu zabo kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Yintoni abaqokeleli belanga
Injongo yolu hlobo lwepaneli yelanga kukuguqula amandla: i-radiation yelanga eyenziwa yimodyuli yelanga iguqulwa ibe bubushushu. Kwezinye iintlobo zokufakelwa kwe-thermal yelanga, obu bushushu isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umphunga kunye nokufumana umbane, kodwa oku akusiyo umsebenzi womqokeleli welanga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iipaneli ze-photovoltaic zinamandla okuvelisa umbane ngokuthe ngqo ngendlela yangoku ngqo. Iiphaneli ze-Photovoltaic ziyinto eyimfuneko ekufakeni i-photovoltaic solar.
Ukusuka kumbono womzimba, abaqokeleli belanga basebenzisa i-thermodynamics yokuguqulwa kwamandla. Ngokwahlukileyo, iipaneli ze-photovoltaic azisebenzisi imithetho ye-thermodynamics ukuguqula amandla elanga, kodwa kunoko inkqubo yombane.
Iintlobo zabaqokeleli belanga
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zabaqokeleli belanga. Umqokeleli welanga osetyenzisiweyo uya kuxhomekeka kwinjongo yayo. Umzekelo, ukuba sifuna ukufudumeza ichibi lokuqubha kwiqondo lobushushu le-25-28 degrees Celsius entwasahlobo, sifuna umqokeleli welanga olula, kuba iqondo lobushushu elisezantsi linokufikelela ngokulula kulo myalelo wobukhulu okanye nangaphezulu. Kwelinye icala, ukuba sifuna ukufudumeza ulwelo kwiqondo lobushushu le-200ºC, siya kufuna umqokeleli welanga ogxile ekuqokeleleni imitha yelanga kwaye ayidlulisele kwisixa esincinci solwelo.
Okwangoku, kwimarike yelanga, sinokuhlula ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zabaqokeleli belanga:
- Abaqokeleli belanga abacaba okanye abacaba. Olu hlobo lwepaneli yelanga lubamba imitha yelanga efunyanwa ngumphezulu ukutshisa ulwelo. I-greenhouse effect isoloko isetyenziselwa ukubamba ubushushu.
- abaqokeleli belanga ukubamba imitha yelanga. Olu hlobo lomqokeleli lubamba i-radiation efunyenwe kwindawo enkulu kwaye igxininise kwindawo encinci ngesipili.
- Umqokeleli welanga kunye netyhubhu yevacuum. Lo mqokeleli welanga uquka isethi yeetyhubhu ze-cylindrical, ezenziwe ngama-absorbers akhethiweyo, ahlala kwindawo yokubonisa kwaye ejikelezwe yi-cylinder yeglasi ebonakalayo.
Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kwezicelo zelanga, ubukhulu becala abaqokeleli belanga abacaba bayasetyenziswa. Xa ubushushu bolwelo olusebenzayo lungaphantsi kwama-80ºC, kucingwa ukuba izicelo zamandla elanga zenziwa kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, afana nokufudumeza kwedama lokuqubha, ukuveliswa kwamanzi ashushu asekhaya kunye nokufudumeza. Ezi cwecwe zingasetyenziselwa ngaphandle okanye ngaphandle kwekhava yeglasi, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo.
Amacandelo abaqokeleli belanga
Umqokeleli welanga oqhelekileyo wenziwa ngezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Phezulu: Isigqubuthelo somqokeleli welanga sicacile, sinokuthi singabikho okanye singabikho. Idla ngokwenziwa ngeglasi, nangona iplastiki isetyenziswa kuba inexabiso eliphantsi kwaye kulula ukuyiphatha, kodwa kufuneka ibe yiplastiki ekhethekileyo. Umsebenzi wayo kukunciphisa ilahleko ngenxa ye-convection kunye ne-radiation, ngoko ke kufuneka ibe neyona ndawo iphezulu yokuhanjiswa kwelanga. Ubukho bekhava buphucula ukusebenza kwe-thermodynamic yepaneli yelanga.
- Isitishi somoya: Sisithuba (esingenanto okanye esingenanto) esahlula i-lining kwibhodi yokufunxa. Kuya kuthathelwa ingqalelo xa kubalwa ubukhulu bayo ukulinganisa ilahleko ebangelwa yi-convection kunye nokushisa okuphezulu okunokuthi kwenzeke ukuba kuncinci kakhulu.
- Ipleyiti yokufunxa: Ipleyiti efunxayo yinto efunxa amandla elanga ize iwathumele kulwelo olujikeleza kumbhobho. Uphawu oluphambili lwebhodi kukuba kufuneka ibe nokufunxa okuphezulu kwamandla elanga kunye nobushushu obuphantsi bemitha. Kuba imathiriyeli eqhelekileyo ayihlangabezani nale mfuneko, imathiriyeli edityanisiweyo isetyenziselwa ukufumana owona mlinganiselo ubalaseleyo wokufunxa / wokukhupha.
- Imibhobho okanye imibhobho: Imibhobho idibene neepleyiti zokufunxa (ngamanye amaxesha zi-welded) ukutshintshisa amandla ukuya phezulu. Kwimeko yemibhobho, i-liquid iya kutshisa kwaye ifake itanki yokuqokelela.
- Umaleko wokugquma: Injongo ye-insulation layer kukugubungela inkqubo yokuphepha nokunciphisa ilahleko. Ngenxa yokuba i-insulation yeyona nto ingcono, izinto zokugquma kufuneka zibe ne-conductivity ephantsi ye-thermal ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermodynamic yobushushu ngaphandle.
- I-Accumulator: I-accumulator yinto ekhethiweyo, ngamanye amaxesha iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yepaneli yelanga, kule meko ngokuqhelekileyo ibekwe ngokuthe ngqo ngasentla okanye kwibala elibonakalayo elisondeleyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ibhetri ayiyona inxalenye yepaneli yelanga, kodwa yenkqubo ye-thermal.
Sebenzisa
Iziqokeleli zelanga zisetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngamanzi ashushu asekhaya kunye nokufudumeza okanye ukuvelisa umbane.
Kumanzi ashushu asekhaya kunye nabaqokeleli bokufudumeza, itanki yamanzi igcina amanzi asekhaya ngokudibana nolwelo ngekhoyili. Ikhoyili ivumela ulwelo ukuba ludlulisele amandla obushushu agciniweyo emanzini ngaphandle kokungcolisa amanzi. La manzi anokusetyenziswa njengamanzi ashushu asekhaya (ukuhlanganiswa kwe-80%), kwaye angasetyenziselwa ukuncedisa ukufudumeza okuphantsi kwegumbi (ukuhlanganiswa kwe-10%). Iiphaneli zelanga ezishushu zinokubonelela ngobuninzi bamanzi ashushu, Kodwa ngenxa yokungazinzi kwamandla elanga, abanako ukubuyisela ngokupheleleyo iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokufudumala.
Abaqokeleli belanga abasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane badinga ukufudumeza umtshintshi wobushushu kwithumba. Nje ukuba ulwelo lugqibe utshintsho lwesigaba se-thermodynamic kwaye lungene kwisigaba segesi, luthunyelwa kwi-injini ye-thermoelectric., eguqula ukuhamba komphunga kumbane. Olu hlobo lwenkqubo lubizwa ngokuba yi-solar thermodynamics kwaye idinga indawo eninzi yokufaka iipaneli zelanga kunye nelanga eliqhubekayo. Imizekelo yezi zityalo ifakwe entlango.
Xa uchaza kwaye ufaka ukufakelwa kwe-thermal yelanga, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba abaqokeleli belanga kufuneka basasazwe ngamaqela. La maqela abaqokeleli belanga kufuneka zihlale zenziwe ngeeyunithi zemodeli efanayo kwaye zisasazwe ngokulinganayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kukho iinketho ezimbini ezisisiseko okanye iindidi zokuhlanganisa abaqokeleli ababini okanye ngaphezulu: uthotho okanye ukuhambelana. Ukongezelela, indawo yokuqokelela amanzi inokuqulunqwa ngokudibanisa amaqela amabini, into esiyibiza ngokuba yi-grouped or hybrid circuits.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nabaqokeleli belanga kunye neempawu zabo.