Ngenxa yokhuphiswano oluphezulu kunye nokusebenza ngokukuko kwamandla avuselelekayo, iya isiba lilize kwintengiso yamanye amazwe. Zininzi iindidi zamandla ahlaziyekayo (ndicinga ukuba sonke siyayazi loo nto), kodwa enyanisweni, kwizinto ezivuselelekayo, sifumene imithombo yamandla 'edumileyo', efana namandla elanga kunye nomoya, kunye neminye imithombo yamandla engaziwayo njengamandla ubushushu bomhlaba. Abantu abaninzi abasazi Usebenza njani amandla ombane.
Ke ngoko, siza kulinikela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nendlela amandla e-geothermal asebenza ngayo kwaye ubaluleke kangakanani.
Amandla ombane
Ngaphambi kokwazi ukuba kusebenza njani amandla obushushu, kufuneka siyazi ukuba yintoni na. Amandla e-geothermal ngumthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo osekwe kusetyenziso lobushushu obukhoyo emhlabeni ongaphantsi komhlaba. Ngamanye amagama, isebenzisa ubushushu obusemacaleni omhlaba kwaye ivelise amandla ngayo. Amandla ahlaziyekayo ahlala esebenzisa izinto zangaphandle ezinjengamanzi, umoya kunye nelanga. Nangona kunjalo, amandla e-geothermal kuphela komthombo wamandla okhululekileyo kule meko yangaphandle.
Kukho iqondo lobushushu gradient nzulu emhlabeni apho sinyathela khona. Ngamanye amagama, iqondo lobushushu lomhlaba liya kusondela lisondele kumbindi womhlaba njengokuba sisihla. Kuyinyani ukuba ubunzulu besandi obunokufikelelwa ngabantu abugqithi kwi-12 km, kodwa siyayazi loo nto Amaqondo obushushu aya kunyusa ubushushu bomhlaba nge-2 ° C kuye kwi-4 ° C qho kwi-100 leemitha. Imithambeka yemimandla eyahlukeneyo yeplanethi inkulu kakhulu, kuba i-crust thins okwangoku. Ke ngoko, esona siqwenga somhlaba singaphakathi (njengeyona ngubo ishushu) sisondele kumphezulu womhlaba kwaye sinika ubushushu obungaphezulu.
Isebenza njani i-Geothermal Energy: Ukukhutshwa
Siza kudwelisa ukuba yeyiphi imithombo yokutsalwa ukuze siqonde ngcono ukuba amandla e-geothermal asebenza njani.
Amachibi e-Geothermal
Ubushushu begradients kwiindawo ezithile zeplanethi zibonakala ngakumbi kunakwamanye. Oku kukhokelela ekusebenzeni kwamandla amakhulu kunye nasekuvelisweni kwamandla ngokushisa kwangaphakathi komhlaba. Ngokubanzi, amandla emveliso yamandla aphantsi komhlaba asezantsi kakhulu kunalawo elanga (60 mW / m² yamandla obushushu bomhlaba kunye ne-340 mW / m² yamandla elanga). Nangona kunjalo, apho iqondo lobushushu elikhankanyiweyo liphezulu (libizwa njengechibi lomhlaba), Amandla okuvelisa amandla aphezulu kakhulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-200 mW / m²). Amandla amakhulu emveliso avelisa ingqokelela yobushushu kwi-aquifer, enokusetyenziselwa umzi-mveliso.
Ukufumana amandla kumachibi e-geothermal, uphando olunokwenzeka lweemarike kufuneka luqale luqhutywe, kuba iindleko zokomba zanda kakhulu ngobunzulu. Oko kukuthi, njengokuba sisiba nzulu, umzamo wokutsala ubushushu kumphezulu uyonyuka. Phakathi kweendidi zeedipozithi zejoloji, sifumene iintlobo ezintathu: amanzi ashushu, izimbiwa ezomileyo kunye neegiza.
Amachibi amanzi ashushu
Zimbini iintlobo zamachibi amanzi ashushu: umthombo wamanzi kunye namanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Le yangaphambili inokusetyenziswa njengebhafu eshushu yokuxuba amanzi amancinci ukubanda kuwo, kodwa eyokuqala inengxaki yokuhamba kwayo kancinci. Kwelinye icala, sinemithombo yamanzi yangaphantsi komhlaba, angamachibi anobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu kunye nobunzulu obuncinci. Olu hlobo lwamanzi lungasetyenziselwa ukukhupha ubushushu bakho bangaphakathi. Singajikeleza amanzi ashushu ngempompo ukuze sisebenzise ubushushu bawo.
Idiphozithi eyomileyo yindawo apho ilitye lomile kwaye lishushu kakhulu. Kolu hlobo lwamanzi akukho lulwelo luthwala amandla aphuma kubushushu bomhlaba okanye naluphi na uhlobo lwento enokungena. Ziingcali ezazise ezi ntlobo zezinto zokudlulisa ubushushu. La macandelo aneemveliso ezisezantsi kunye neendleko eziphezulu zemveliso Ukungancedi kolu hlobo lwentsimi kukuba itekhnoloji kunye nezixhobo zalo mkhuba zisenokungabikho kwezoqoqosho, ngenxa yoko kufuneka ziphuhliswe kwaye ziphuculwe.
Idiphozithi yeGeyser
Igiza ngumthombo oshushu okhupha ngokwendalo ikholam yomphunga kunye namanzi ashushu. Bambalwa kule planethi. Ngenxa yobuthathaka begiza, iigiza kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwindawo enesidima nesilumkileyo ukuze zinganciphisi ukusebenza kwazo. Ukukhupha ubushushu kwidizili yegiza, ubushushu mabusetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo yiinjini ukufumana amandla oomatshini.
Ingxaki ngoku kutsalwa kukuba ukufakwa kwakhona kwamanzi kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi kuya kuphola i-magma kwaye kuyigqibe. Kukwahlalutywa kwakhona ukuba inaliti yamanzi abandayo kunye nokupholisa i-magma kubangela inyikima encinci kunye neyenzeka rhoqo.
Asebenza njani amandla oMbane noMbane: Isixhobo soMbane seGeothermal
Ukwazi ukuba asebenza njani amandla e-geothermal kufuneka siye kwizityalo zamandla ombane. Zezindawo apho olu hlobo lwamandla lwenziwa khona. Ukusebenza kwesityalo samandla aphuma kubushushu bamanzi kusekelwe kwintsebenzo enzima kakhulu esebenza kuyo Inkqubo yokutyala intsimi. Ngamanye amagama, amandla akhutshwa kumbindi womhlaba kwaye asiwe kwisityalo apho umbane uveliswa khona.
Ubume be-geothermal gradient yentsimi ye-geothermal osebenza kuyo iphezulu kunomhlaba oqhelekileyo. Oko kukuthi, iqondo lobushushu kubunzulu linyuka ngakumbi. Le ndawo ine-gradient ephezulu ye-geothermal ngokubanzi ngenxa yobukho be-aquifer ethintelwe ngamanzi ashushu, kwaye i-aquifer iyagcinwa kwaye ithintelwe ngumaleko ongangenekiyo othintela bonke ubushushu noxinzelelo. Le yindawo ekuthiwa yi-geothermal reservoir, apho kutsalwa ubushushu ukuze kuveliswe umbane.
Imithombo yokutsala umbane ofakwe kwizityalo zamandla ikwezi ndawo zikwimeko yombane. Umphunga ukhutshwa ngothungelwano lwemibhobho kwaye ubhekise kwifektri apho amandla eshushu e-steam aguqulwa abe ngamandla oomatshini emva koko abe ngumbane. Nje ukuba sibe namandla ombane, kufuneka sihambise kwindawo yokusetyenziswa.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela esebenza ngayo amandla ombane.