Amanzi yeyona nto ixabisekileyo ehlabathini. Nangona zikhona izimbiwa zexabiso eliphezulu kwezoqoqosho, amanzi ayimfuneko ebomini nakuphuhliso lwawo. Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) uchaza amanzi angcolileyo njengokuthi "ukwakheka kwawo kuguqulwe ukuze kungafikeleli iimeko zokuwasebenzisa kwimeko yawo yendalo." Inkqubo ye- Ungcoliseko lwamanzi Yenye yeengxaki ezinkulu abajamelana nazo abantu.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni na ungcoliseko lwamanzi, ziimpawu zalo kwaye sinokuthi sikuphephe njani.
Yintoni ungcoliseko lwamanzi
Kukubakho kweekhemikhali okanye ezinye izinto ezinkulu kunaleyo yendalo. Oko kukuthi, ubukho bezinto ezinje ngamagciwane, isinyithi esinzima okanye intlenge. Ezi zinto zingcolisayo zinciphisa umgangatho wamanzi. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwamanzi nokukhusela impilo, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi wenze izindululo kwizikhokelo zomgangatho wamanzi okusela:
- Umgangatho weMicrobiological. Ukuqinisekisa oku, kuya kwenziwa uhlalutyo lwe-microbiological (uphononongo lwee-microorganisms ezibonisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo, njengobukho be-E. Coli okanye ukuxilongwa koxinano lwe-pathogen).
- Umgangatho wemichiza. Ukuqinisekiswa kwayo, kuya kwenziwa uhlalutyo lokujonga ubukho bezongezelelo, ezivela ikakhulu kwizithako kunye neekhemikhali ezisetyenziselwa ukufumana nokusasaza amanzi.
Imisebenzi yabantu ichaphazela kakhulu ungcoliseko lwamanzi. Siza kubona ngezantsi ukuba zeziphi izizathu eziphambili.
Izinto ezibangela ungcoliseko lwamanzi
Okwangoku, malunga nezigidi ezi-5 zabantu emhlabeni babulawa kukusela amanzi angcolileyo, imeko ebaluleke kakhulu kwimeko yokukhutshelwa ngaphandle, intlupheko kunye nokujongelwa phantsi. Ezi zizizathu eziphambili:
- Inkunkuma kwimizi-mveliso: Icandelo lezolimo yenye yezinto eziphambili ezibangela ungcoliseko lwamanzi. Ngelishwa, amawaka eenkampani awazi ukuba lo mthombo kufuneka usetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye bakhupha isixa esikhulu semveliso engcolisayo kwiinkqubo zabo zorhwebo. Imilambo kunye nemijelo yeyona ichaphazeleka kwezi zinto zibi.
- Ukwanda kwamaqondo obushushu: Nangona isenokungabonakali injalo, ubushushu behlabathi bukwachaphazela ungcoliseko lwamanzi. Xa iqondo lobushushu lendalo liphezulu kunesiqhelo, umthombo wamanzi unciphisa umxholo weoksijini, ubangele utshintsho ekwakhiweni kwamanzi.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwemichiza yokubulala izinambuzane eziyityhefu kwezolimo: uninzi lweenkqubo zezolimo zexesha lethu zisebenzisa izichumisi kunye neekhemikhali zokutyala nokuvelisa ukutya. Ewe, ezi mveliso ziyahluzwa ngemijelo yangaphantsi komhlaba, kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi ziteshi ziya kuthi ekugqibeleni zingene kwinethiwekhi yokuhambisa amanzi ukuze isetyenziswe. La manzi phantse akaze anyangwe kwaye abuyiselwe kwisitayile esifanelekileyo sokusela.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi: ukugawulwa kwemithi ngokugqithisileyo kunokubangela ukuba yome imilambo, amachibi kunye neminye imithombo yamanzi. Ngapha koko, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi akubikho kuzo zonke iimeko kubandakanya ukususwa kweengcambu zomthi kwiindonga zemilambo, ezinokubangela intlenge kunye neebhaktiriya zivele phantsi komhlaba zize ngoko zingcolise obu buncwane buxabisekileyo.
- Ukuchitheka kweoyileOkokugqibela, masingalibali isenzo esiqhele ukubangela ungcoliseko lwamanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba: ukuchitheka kweoyile kunye nezinto ezivela kuyo. Oku kuvuza kubangelwa kukungahambi kakuhle kweoyile kunye nokuvuza kwepetroli kunye nezinye iimveliso. Ezi mveliso zihlala zigcinwa kwiitanki zokugcina phantsi komhlaba; Kwiimeko ezininzi, itanki lamanzi liyavuza kwaye izinto ziya kuvuza kumzimba ojikelezileyo, kubandakanya imithombo yamanzi alungele ukusetyenziswa ngabantu.
Iziphumo kwimo engqongileyo
Kukho iziphumo ezahlukeneyo ezimbi ezibangelwa kukungcoliseka kwamanzi kwihlabathi liphela. Singahlula ezo zizathu ngokwabantu nangokusingqongileyo. Makhe sibone ukuba zintoni:
- Izifo: Ukusela amanzi amdaka okanye ukuwasebenzisela ucoceko lomntu kunye nococeko lokusingqongileyo kunxulunyaniswa nezifo ezininzi. Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi uthetha ngesifo sorhudo, ikholera, ihepatitis A, isifo segazi, ipoliyo kunye nomkhuhlane wetyphoid. Uthintelo, ngokuphucula izibonelelo zonikezelo, ucoceko nococeko lomntu, kukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi acocekileyo okutya kunye nococeko lwasekhaya.
- Ukufa: ngelishwa, amanzi amdaka anobungozi obunxulumene noko. Ngokwe-World Health Organisation, izifo zorhudo zibulala abantu abasisi-1,5 sezigidi nyaka ngamnye. Phakathi kwabo, ngaphezulu kwe-840.000 ibangelwa kukungabikho kwamanzi acocekileyo kunye nococeko lomntu kunye nezixhobo zococeko. Izinto ezilula, zemihla ngemihla njengokuhlamba izandla zakho ngesepha namanzi okanye ukusela iglasi yamanzi acocekileyo kunokuthintela ukusasazeka kwezifo ezinokubulala. Ngaphandle kwamanzi, ucoceko nococeko, impilo ibekwa emngciphekweni. I-40% yokusweleka kwabantwana kubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwimeko engalunganga okanye ukungabikho kococeko kwimeko engxamisekileyo.
- Ukungondleki: ukungondleki kunxulumene nokungonelanga kokutya kunye nezifo ezosulelayo ngenxa yolungelelwaniso phakathi kokutya, impilo kunye nokhathalelo. Ngale ndlela, ukutya okusempilweni kuhlangabezana neemfuno zesondlo, kodwa kukwafuna imeko eyoneleyo ebonelela ngeenkonzo zezempilo, amaziko ezococeko kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zogutyulo, apho amanzi okusela ayimfuneko.
- Iinkqubo zendalo: Kukho iziphumo ezibi zamanzi amatsha akwimeko embi kwimeko-bume, njengoko ichaphazela indawo yokuhlala ebangela ilahleko yendalo eyahlukeneyo yasemanzini kwaye iququzelele ukudubula kwe-algae eyingozi okanye i-eutrophication.
Indlela yokunciphisa ungcoliseko lwamanzi
Kukho imikhwa emininzi kunye neendlela ezilungileyo zokuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa ukungcoliseka kwamanzi:
- Gcina iliso kwimveliso yakho yokucoca indlu: zama ukusebenzisa iimveliso zokucoca izindlu ezimbalwa kwaye azingcolisi kakhulu.
- Beka intsalela nganye kwindawo yayo. Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona into enokunciphisa ungcoliseko lwamanzi ngokusebenzisa inkunkuma yasekhaya.
- Khetha iimpahla zakho kakuhle: sebenzisa okanye uphinde usebenzise ezo zingonakalisi okusingqongileyo.
- Yibayinxalenye: amaphulo amavolontiya okusingqongileyo athatha inxaxheba.
- Chaza koonyana neentombi zakho ukuba yintoni na ungcoliseko lolwandle: Imfundo yendalo esingqongileyo ibalulekile ukuze izizukulwana ezizayo zilondoloze okusingqongileyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nongcoliseko lwamanzi kunye nako konke okubandakanya.