Las amandla ahlaziyekayo Benza indlela ebanzi ebanzi kwaye ichaziweyo kwihlabathi. Imibutho emikhulu yehlabathi ityale imali ekuphuhliseni ubuchule bamandla ahlaziyekayo ukubenza basebenze ngakumbi kwaye bakhuphisane. Ilizwe elisebenza kuphela kumandla ahlaziyekayo liya kuba lilungele ukulwa nefuthe lotshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokuphucula imozulu kunye neemeko zeplanethi. Kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba umhlaba wonke unokusebenza kuphela kwimithombo evuselelekayo?
UAvelino Corma uyikhemesti kunye nezifundo zeRoyal Academy yezoBunjineli kwaye uqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza kwehlabathi ngokusekwe kuphela kumandla ahlaziyekayo kunokwenzeka, okoko sinamanzi acocekileyo kunye nemithombo yamandla. UCorma ufumene iNkosana yeAsturias Award ngoPhando lwezeNzululwazi kunye nezobuGcisa ngo-2014 kwaye ukwalilungu leRoyal London Society yoPhuculo lweNzululwazi yezeNdalo.
Kudliwanondlebe, uCorma wachaza ukuba okoko nje sinako amandla elanga nawomoya ngokwaneleyo sinokufumana i-hydrogen enexabiso eliphantsi enokusetyenziswa njengamafutha. Uthathela ingqalelo ukuba iihydrocarbons kufuneka zilinganiswe kwaye ngeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokwenza ukuba zihlale ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezi hydrocarbon kuyimfuneko, i-biomass inokusetyenziswa njengomthombo we-CO2.
UAvelino Corma, usokhemisi kunye nezifundo zeRoyal Academy yezoBunjineli
Okwangoku kukho ukuzibophelela kwezentlalo nakwezopolitiko okusekwe kukhetho lwetekhnoloji ngokukhawuleza okukhulu ebusweni bokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuphela kwezixhobo. Amafutha asefossil kufuneka abonwe kwaye athathelwe ingqalelo njengoncedo ngexesha ukuze akwazi ukufezekisa iinjongo eziluhlaza. ICorma ikwabonakalisile ukuba iimfuno zamandla ehlabathi ziya kuqhubeka zikhula kude kube malunga nonyaka ka-2035 ngenxa yokunyuka okungaphephekiyo kubemi behlabathi. Ngombulelo kuphuhliso lwamandla acocekileyo kunye nokonyuka kokusebenza kwamandla, ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwamafutha eefossil ngekhe kulingane nokukhula kwabemi. Ukuba kunjalo, iimpembelelo zokufudumala kobushushu emhlabeni ziya kukhula kwaye zinokuyenza inyuke le planethi indawo encinci yokuphila.
Awona mandla abalulekileyo ahlaziyiweyo kwihlabathi kwaye aya kuba njalo umoya, ilanga kunye ne-biomass, nangona i-geothermal nayo iya kuphuhliswa. Ukulungiselela ukufezekisa iinjongo ezizinzileyo kunye nokuqhubela iplanethi kuqoqosho ngokusekwe kumandla acocekileyo, Imithetho kufuneka ijolise ekusiboneleleni ngakumbi nangakumbi ngepesenti enkulu yamandla acocekileyo. Umthetho omtsha ophuhliswe kungekudala uza kuchaphazela amacandelo ezoqoqosho afana nezothutho. Ukusetyenziswa kwezibaso zefosili namhlanje ngezothutho kusephezulu kakhulu, ke ngoko ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza kubangela ukuba kube nefuthe elibi kakhulu kumoya kunye nomgangatho womoya. Izithuthi zombane kufuneka zande kwaye zisasaze, kwaye eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba umthwalo wazo uvela kumandla acocekileyo, kuba ukuba ufuna ukukhutshwa okungaphantsi kwe-CO2, owona mthombo wamandla kufuneka uphinde uvuseleleke.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-fuels fossil kufuneka kugqitywe
Ukuqinisekisa unikezelo oluzinzileyo nolwaneleyo, kuya kufuneka kwixesha elizayo ukuguqula uthungelwano lombane ukuze lukwazi ukubonelela ngomthamo omkhulu kunye nonxibelelwano, naphakathi kwamazwekazi. Enye yeengxaki ezinokuthi namhlanje zithintele ukushenxisa kumafutha epetroli kwixesha elifutshane ubunzima bokugcina amandla ahlaziyekayo. Kukho imigca yophando efunda ngendlela yokugcina umoya kunye namandla elanga ngokufanelekileyo nokusombulula ingxaki yokugcina amandla. Phakathi kwezi zifundo kukusetyenziswa kweebhetri zeemoto ezivumela umthamo omkhulu, ubunzima obuncinci kunye nevolumu kwaye ezinokuphinda zitshajwe ngokukhawuleza. Oko kukuthi, yenza ukuba imoto yakho ilungele ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza.
Omnye umgca wophando kukuphuhlisa Iiseli ze-Photovoltaic ovelisa umbane okwangoku, nangona eli candelo lisaphuhliswe nzima, kuba amandla afezekisiweyo angaphantsi kunangoku afunyanwa ngawo onke amanye amandla.