Inkqubo yombungu

Umbungu wokuhamba

La Umbungu wokuhamba Sisinambuzane esine<em>lepidopteran, oko kukuthi, sinezigaba ezininzi ze<em>metamorphic, kuquka nenqanaba lombungu, de libe libhabhathane xa lifikelela ebudaleni. Bahlala emahlathini ompayina kummandla weMeditera yaseYurophu kwaye, nangona igama labo, banokufumaneka kwimisedare kunye nefirs. Kwezinye iindawo, ithathwa njengesitshabalalisi esinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kumasimi epine. Lelona xesha loyikwa kakhulu kwixesha lokuzala.

Ngoko ke, kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi malunga nombungu ojikelezayo, iimpawu zayo kunye nebhayoloji.

Iimpawu eziphambili

umbungu oyingozi womngcelele

Igama lenzululwazi yesi sinambuzane ngu I-Thaumetopoea pityocampa, kwaye uhamba ngezigaba ezahlukeneyo: amaqanda, izibungu okanye izibungu, iipupa kunye namabhabhathane. Olu phuhliso lweLepidoptera lubizwa ngokuba yiholometabolic.

Ehlotyeni, okanye ngokuchanekileyo ngoJulayi kwi-hemisphere esemantla, umbungu ojikelezayo ufumana uhlobo lwawo lwabantu abadala kuba ibhabhathane lixesha lokukhwelana. Kweli nqanaba, esi sinambuzane simdaka ngombala kwaye sinokudibana nendawo esihlala kuyo. Umkhwa wabo kukuba basebenze ebusuku, ngoko banokuphepha ukuhlaselwa kweentaka zemini nobusuku.

Nje ukuba ukukhwelana kwenzeke, imatshi yepine iya kubeka amaqanda kwaye izakubeka amaqanda ngendlela ekhethekileyo, iinaliti ezimile okwe-spiral, ezithiywe ngeenaliti zompayina. Kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-40 emva kokuzala, umbungu ungena kwinqanaba lombungu okanye lombungu, onokuhlala iinyanga ezisi-8.

Xa sele iza kuphela inqanaba lemibungu, umbungu ohamba nomngcelele uqalisa ukuhla emithini, yaye uqhubeka ngendlela ekhetheke gqitha ngenxa yokuba zidweliswe ngomqolo omnye emva komnye. Yiloo nto esi sinambuzane sinegama elimangalisayo, kwaye xa sisihla emthini, sibonakala silandela umngcelele.

Phantsi komyalelo weemopane ukuba kamva Baya kujika babe ngamabhabhathane ababhinqileyo, umngcelele omde wepayini ufikelele emhlabeni; apho bangcwatywa khona kwaye bangene kwi-chrysalis okanye kwinqanaba le-pupal. Eli nqanaba liya kuhlala malunga neenyanga ezi-2 kwaye emva koko liya kuvelisa ibhabhathane elidala elinokuphila usuku okanye ezimbini kuphela.

Isigaba esoyikekayo sombungu ohamba nomngcelele

iimopane kumqolo

Kwinqanaba lombungu, umbungu ojikelezayo uhamba ngezigaba ezi-5, apho uba sisinambuzane esoyikekayo kakhulu. Uphawu lwayo oluphambili kukuba umzimba wayo wonke ugqunywe ziinwele ezinetyhefu kakhulu, Oku kungenxa yobukho betyhefu ebizwa ngokuba yitamatopine. Uboya bombungu bunokubangela ukuchasana kakhulu nezilwanyana nakubantu, kuba xa umngcelele wepayina uziva usengozini, ukhulula iinwele ezidumbile emoyeni.

Kwinqanaba lesithathu lombungu, umbungu wenza ipokotho apho unokukwazi ukumelana neengqele zasebusika, nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wombungu awuyeki kuba uya kuqhubeka ukhangela ukutya ebusuku. Kwinqanaba layo lesihlanu lombungu, iimopane zibawa kakhulu kwaye ziqala ukutya iinaliti zepine. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimbungu aziyidli iinaliti ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ziyeke ukubetha phakathi kweenaliti, ezibangela ukuba amaqabunga amdaka asweleke ngokukhawuleza kwaye umthi wepineyini ukhangeleke ungabonakali.

Imibungu ifumaneka kwiinyanga ezine zokuqala zonyaka. Phakathi kukaJanuwari noAprili kuxa ziqala ukubonakala, ngokuxhomekeke kubushushu obubangelwa yimozulu, zinokubonakala kungekudala okanye kamva. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala, eyona nto yayibanda kakhulu "iingxowa ezimhlophe" phezu kweepayini ezazinokubonwa kude. Ngamnye kubo unokuba nemibungu eli-100 ukuya kuma-200. Ubushushu bukwachaphazela indlwane nganye, kwaye okukhona iqondo lobushushu liphezulu, kokukhona abantu abaninzi beza kuzalwa.

Xa ilanga lisithela iimopane ziphuma nganye nganye zifuna ukutya, kodwa emva koko babuyela kwiindlwane zabo ezibizwa ngokuba "iingxowa ezimhlophe." Utshintsho luqale phakathi kuka-Epreli noMeyi. Njengoko iqondo lobushushu linyuka, imithi iqalisa ukuwa. Xa sele zisemhlabeni, ziqalisa ukugrumba emhlabeni ukuze ziqhubeke nokuguquka zibe libhabhathane.

Indlela yokulwa nombungu ojikelezayo

Umngcelele wepayini

Nangona iingcaphephe ezininzi zivuma ukuba umonakalo owenziwe zezi zinambuzane awunakuchazwa njengonzulu, zibangela ingxaki kuloo masimi epine asetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iinkuni. Ngesi sizathu, Iindlela ezininzi ziye zaphuhliswa ukunciphisa impembelelo yokuhlaselwa kwe-caterpillar.

Eyona nto isebenzayo, nangona isisiseko ngexesha elifanayo, iqulethwe ekupheliseni iipokotshi ezikwiinaliti zepine. Le ndlela ayifanelekanga kwezo pokotho zibekwe kwiinaliti zokugcina, kuba oku kuyonakalisa ukukhula kwemithi. Kuhlala kunconywa ukunkcenkceshela amasebe apho iipokotshi zingaphambili ukuphepha imiphumo enobuthi yeenwele zecaterpillar.

Enye indlela kukubeka iplastiki eqinileyo, njengefenitshala, ezantsi komthi uze uzalise ngamanzi. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe phambi kweparade yombungu. Xa oku kusenzeka, umbungu ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuwela emanzini aze afe.

Ekugqibeleni, kwamanye amasimi iindlela ezintsonkothileyo zebhayoloji ziye zaphuhliswa ukulwa iparade ye pines, kuquka nokubekwa pheromone "traps" ukutsala amadoda, ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa impembelelo yokuveliswa kwesi sinambuzane.

Indlela yokunyanga ulwamvila

Iibhabhathane aziyongozi, kodwa ziimopane. Ingxaki kukuba uboya bombungu buvelisa ukusabela okufana ne-hives xa kudibana nolusu. Oku kudla ngokubonakala ngenxa yokuba amabala abomvu avela kwindawo kwaye ahlala ecatshukiswa. Kwiimeko ezinzima ngakumbi, zinokubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla.

Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kufuneka senze oku kulandelayo

  • Hlamba indawo ngesepha kunye namanzi ukususa iinwele zezinambuzane.
  • Nyanga iimeko ezincinci nge-corticosteroid cream
  • I-Antihistamines ithathwa rhoqo ngeyure.
  • Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, iziko leklinikhi liya kufaka i-corticosteroids intramuscularly.

Izilwanyana zasekhaya zidla ngokuchatshazelwa zezi ntlobo zezilwanyana. Emva kokuzama ukuyisebenzisa kwiimeko ezininzi, indawo idla ngokucaphuka. Kukho kwakhona ukudumba kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ukudumba okugqithisileyo. Xa imeko iya isiba mandundu, ekugqibeleni inokujika i-necrotic. Ngoko ke, kufuneka iphathwe ngonyango olukhethekileyo, ukusebenzisa i-corticosteroids kunye nokusebenzisa i-antibiotics.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nombungu ojikelezayo.


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