Xa sigula kufuneka sibhenele kumayeza ahlukeneyo, imvelaphi yesi sifo ihlala ididekile ukuba ingaba ibangelwa yintsholongwane okanye yintsholongwane. Zininzi Umahluko phakathi kwentsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya Oko kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa kunyangwa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuthintela umonakalo omkhulu.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi umahluko ophambili phakathi kweentsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane kwaye zeziphi izifo eziphambili.
Izinto ngokubanzi
Iintsholongwane zincinci kuneebhaktiriya kwaye zinamandla amakhulu okuguqula kunye nokusasazeka. Izigulo ezibangelwa zezi ntlobo zimbini zeentsholongwane zinyangwa ngeendlela ezahlukileyo.
Nangona ulwazi kancinci kancinci lusaziwa, emhlabeni kukho amathandabuzo amaninzi ajikeleza kwi-coronavirus entsha. Phakathi kwemibuzo emininzi, ngenxa yokungazi okanye ulwazi olungelulo, rhoqo kubemi umbuzo uvela wokuba ingaba i-coronavirus inokunyangwa na ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Impendulo nguhayi: akukho ntsholongwane inokunyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, asetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo olubangelwa ziintsholongwane. Izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya zinyangwa ngeendlela ezahlukileyo kuba azenzi ngendlela efanayo emzimbeni ezichaphazelayo.
Iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya zibukhulu obuncinci, ziphantse kuwo wonke umhlaba, kwaye zingunobangela wezifo ezininzi. Kodwa azifani.
Inkcazo yebhakteria kunye neentsholongwane
Iibhaktheriya zizinto ezineseli enye kwaye zifumana izondlo kwimeko ezihlala kuyo. Banokubangela iingxaki ezinjengemingxunya, usulelo lomchamo, usulelo lwendlebe, okanye umqala womqala, ukubiza nje ezimbalwa. Kodwa iintsholongwane azisoloko zibangela izifo: ezinye zazo zineziphumo ezihle, umzekelo, uncede ukusebenza kwesiqhelo kwenkqubo yokwetyisa, Bayanceda ukuqhubekeka kwaye bafumane izakha mzimba kukutya kwaye bathintele iintsholongwane eziyingozi ekungeneni. Iindidi ezithile zebhaktiriya zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iziyobisi okanye izitofu ezisindisa ubomi.
Iintsholongwane zincinci kuneentsholongwane. Azizizo iiseli ezipheleleyo: zizinto nje zofuzo ezifakwe kumaleko weprotini. Bafuna ezinye izakhiwo zeseli ukuzala, oko kuthetha ukuba abanako ukuzihlalela ngaphandle kokuba bahlala kwezinye izinto (ezinjengabantu, izityalo, okanye izilwanyana).
Ezinye iintsholongwane zingabulala iintsholongwane okanye zilwe neentsholongwane ezibulalayo. Babizwa ngokuba zii-bacteriophage okanye ii-bacteriophages ("ukuginya" ngesiGrike): bosulela kwaye batshabalalise iintsholongwane ezithile ezibekwe kwiimbumba ezingena kumetyiso, zokuphefumla kunye nokuzala.
Intsholongwane inokuphila ngaphandle kweeseli eziphilayo ixesha elifutshane. Nangona kunjalo, nje ukuba bangene emzimbeni womntu, bayanda ngokukhawuleza kwaye banokubenza abantu bagule. Zingabangela ukugula kancinci, njengokugodola, kunye nezinye izifo ezinzulu, ezinje ingqakaqha okanye uGawulayo, obangelwa yintsholongwane (i-HIV).
Banamandla okutshintsha okungathethi ukuba baya kuba ndlongondlongo ngakumbi, kodwa izinto zabo zemfuza zitshintshile, okt ulwakhiwo lwentsholongwane ebekwe ngaphakathi kwamasuntswana inokuba yi-DNA okanye i-RNA. Iintsholongwane zinamandla okusasaza aphezulu, zibangela ubhubhane, xa isifo sisasazeka kumazwe amaninzi.
Umahluko phakathi kwentsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya
Umahluko mkhulu phakathi kwentsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya, njengoko siza kudwelisa kunye neenkcukacha ezingezantsi:
Ubungakanani: Iibhaktheriya ziphindwe kalikhulu kuneentsholongwane. Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba kuzo zombini ezi meko, azibonakali ngamehlo omntu kwaye zinokufunyanwa kuphela ngemicroscope ekhethekileyo. Intsholongwane inokubonwa ngemicroscope ebonakalayo, ngelixa iintsholongwane zinokufunyanwa kuphela ngemicroscope ye-elektroni, kusetyenziswa iilensi zombane.
Ulwakhiwo: ukwakheka kwintsholongwane kulula kancinci, kubandakanya i-genomic RNA okanye amasuntswana e-DNA esongelwe ngeplastikhi. Ngokwahlukileyo, iibacteria zinesakhiwo sangaphakathi esintsonkothileyo kunye nodonga lweseli apho kulapho kukho icytoplasm, ribosomes, kunye ne-bacterial genome.
Ukuzaliswa kwakhona: Le yenye ingxaki ezingabelani ngayo ngeentsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya. Iibhaktheriya zinakho ukukhula kwaye zivelise ngokwazo. Amacandelo amaninzi anokuveliswa kwezi seli. Iintsholongwane azinakho ukwahlula ngokwazo, ziphindaphinda ngokungapheliyo kwaye zihlasele ezinye iiseli ukuhambisa ulwazi lwazo lwemfuza. Ziyaphindaphindeka, kodwa kwiiseli zomamkeli ophilayo ziyosulela kwaye zibangele izifo.
Ukuchasana: Iibhaktiriya zikhona phantse kuzo zonke iindawo zokuhlala emhlabeni kwaye indlela ezisebenza ngayo yenza ukuba inganyangeki kakhulu. Ngesi sizathu, ngokungafaniyo neentsholongwane, banokuphila kumaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo kwaye baphile ixesha elide ngaphandle kwezinye izinto eziphilayo. Enye into eyonyusa ukusebenza kwabo kukuba banokufumana ukutya kwimithombo emininzi eyahlukeneyo, eyindalo kunye nezinto ezingaphiliyo.
Ngokubhekisele kwintsholongwane, ngokubanzi, banokuphila kangangeeyure okanye ngeentsuku, ngakumbi kwiintsimbi ezingenasiphelo okanye iiplastikhi, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, usulelo lwabo luya kuncipha kuba iintsholongwane azinakuphindaphinda.
Unyango: umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwentsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane akasebenzi ngokuchasene neentsholongwane, azinako ukuzibulala, kwaye zibeka umngcipheko omkhulu kwizigulana ngenxa yokuvela kokuxhathisa kwebhakteria. Kwangelo xesha, amayeza antiviral enzelwe ukuhlasela ezinye iintsholongwane.
Ukuba umthombo wesi sifo ubhaktiriya kwaye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane afanelekileyo, unyango alubizi mali kwaye, ekugqityweni kwesicwangciso sonyango, esiqhelo siya kubuyela esiqhelweni kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa okanye iiveki. Ukuba imvelaphi yesi sifo yintsholongwane, imeko iya kuba nzima kuba akukho nqanaba lilinganayo lamachiza antiviral kubungakanani kunye nokusebenza kwawo.
Ke, iingcali zokhathalelo lwempilo zijamelene nonyango olusebenzayo losulelo lwebacteria kunye nosulelo lwentsholongwane olubangelwa ziintsholongwane. Ezi ntsholongwane azikho njenge-pathogenic, kodwa akukho lunyango lusebenzayo. Ke ngoko, zisetyenziswa kubantu abadala abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka ukubona ukuba isifo sijule kakhulu okanye sidlulileyo kwisigulana.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi ngomahluko phakathi kwentsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane.