Kukho inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ezikhoyo ekuveliseni amandla avuselelekayo. Le nto yendalo ibizwa ngokuba yi-biomass. Amandla afumaneka ngokutshisa i-biomass ngendlela ezinzileyo, kuba zizinto ezingadiniswanga ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kusetyenziswe i-biomass evela emahlathini ukuze igcineke, kufuneka njalo ukugawulwa kweenkuni kwenziwa ngendlela ekhethekileyo, Ngokubhekisele kumaxesha emithi nasekuzalisekiseni amaxesha okubuyela kwizityalo. Ukuba siqala ukungena nokuloga, ukufumana amandla kwi-biomass akuyi kuzinza. Ulawulo lwamahlathi kunye ne-biomass ezinzileyo kufuneka zincediswe njani ukuthintela ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kwihlabathi jikelele?
Ukuxhaphaza amahlathi
Namhlanje kwinkqubo yethu yezoqoqosho, yonke into eluncedo inikwa ixabiso lezoqoqosho kwaye "ithathelwa ingqalelo." Kungenxa yoko le nto, ukuba sisebenzisa amahlathi njengenye indlela yokuvelisa amandla, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunokuthintelwa kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze oku kwenzeke, amahlathi kufuneka alawulwe kakuhle kwaye avuselelwe amandla e-biomass asetyenziswa ngendlela ezinzileyo.
Oku kuxoxwe kwinqaku likaMarcos Francos, ukusuka eGrup de Recerca Ambiental Mediterrània, kwiSebe leJografi kwiYunivesithi yaseBarcelona, kunye noMaría Pardo-Lucas, ovela kwiSebe leJografi kwiYunivesithi yaseSalamanca. Ukukhetha ukugawulwa kwemithi kunye nokuyilwa kwezinto ezingashukumiyo kubungakanani behlathi kunganceda ukufezekisa iinjongo zokufumana indlela yamandla e-biomass kananjalo, siya kuba nakho ukugcina iindawo ezicociweyo zinohlobo oluthile lokuzonwabisa emaphandleni kwaye zizinzile nendalo. . Ezi ntshukumo zikwanceda ukunqanda imililo yehlathi.
Umzekelo, kwezinye iindawo zasePeru iinkqubo zokulinywa kwamahlathi ziyenziwa ngenjongo zamandla. Ngale ndlela, imeko yezamahlathi iyatyalwa kwaye kufunyenwe i-biomass eyaneleyo ukuze, ngendlela ezinzileyo ngexesha nasendaweni, Ukuveliswa kwamandla e-biomass kunokusetyenziswa. Nangona kunjalo, obu buchule kufuneka buqhutywe ngendlela ezinzileyo, kuba, ukuba akunjalo, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kunokutshabalalisa indalo exhomekeke kula mahlathi amahlathi, kubandakanya zonke iintlobo zezityalo, izilwanyana nezinye. Le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa ngokugqithileyo kwemithombo yehlathi ichaphazela ngaphezulu kwawo onke amazwe ehlabathi lesithathu apho ukusetyenziswa kolu hlobo lwamandla kulungelelwaniso losuku.
I-panorama eSpain
Kwelinye icala, eSpain, ubunzima behlathi bunyukile kule minyaka iyi-100 idlulileyo ngenxa yokufuduka kwabantu emaphandleni. Esi sisiganeko sezoqoqosho nezentlalo esisekwe ekushiyekeni kwemeko yasemaphandleni esiya kwizixeko ezikhulu. Oku kudala ukwehla ekusetyenzisweni kobutyebi behlathi, ukuze ivumela amahlathi kunye nemeko zendalo ukuba ziphinde zivelise. Njengokuba bengekho baninzi kangaka abantu abahlala emaphandleni, ukuxhaphaza amahlathi sele kuqalile njengokucoca nokukhetha ukugawulwa kwemithi ukuze kuveliswe amandla e-biomass.
Intsalela yemveliso yokucheba okusetyenziselwa i-boiler yeplletthi esisisebenzelayo, inokubuyiselwa ehlathini kwaye isasazeke emhlabeni ukunceda ukuvuselelwa komhlaba kunye nokukhuselwa kwiiarhente zangaphandle.
Kukho izicwangciso ezisebenza kulawulo lomhlaba, ezinye kumahlathi nakulawulo lwamahlathi, njl. Zonke zijolise kusetyenziso oluzinzileyo lwezixhobo zehlathi kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo. Ngale nto sinayo izibonelelo ezibini ezicacileyo: oovimba bayasetyenziswa kwaye iindawo zehlathi ziyasetyenziswa kwaye ziyakhathalelwa, ke oko kukhusela indalo kunye neendawo zendalo, kwelinye icala, sivelisa amandla ahlaziyekayo, ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwezibaso.
Impembelelo kwizinga lehlabathi
Ezi zicwangciso zokuhlaziywa kwamahlathi ziyanceda ukunciphisa ilahleko yamahlathi kwihlabathi liphela. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-125 yezigidi zehektare zehlathi lendalo zilahlekile, nangona kunjalo amahlathi ehlathi bonyuke nge-31 yezigidi zehektare.
Ingxaki ngolu hlobo lokuxhaphaza kukuba ngamanye amaxesha ukugawulwa okungakhethiyo kwamahlathi kuyenziwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yesiVumelwano saseKyoto, iindlela zembuyekezo yezoqoqosho ziye zaphuhliswa ukukhuthaza amazwe ukuba enze ulawulo lwehlathi oluzinzileyo kwaye angasebenzisi ukugawulwa ngokungakhethi.