Ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zesiVumelwano saseParis kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi engcolileyo, ukubheja kumandla ahlaziyekayo yeyona nto ingcono onokuyenza. Yiya kutshintsho lwamandla olunceda ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kunye nokuthintela amaqondo obushushu kwihlabathi liphela ukuba anyuke ngaphezu kwe-1,5 degrees.
Ukukhutshwa kwe CO2 jikelele okunxulumene nomzi mveliso kunye Amandla anokuncitshiswa ngama-70% ngowama-2050 ade anyamalale ngowama-2060, ukuba onke amazwe ehlabathi atyala imali kumandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokusebenza kwamandla. Ngaba oku kungadala iimpembelelo ezimbi zoqoqosho?
Izinto ezikhutshwayo ziyancitshiswa ngenxa yombuyekezo
Izibonelelo zotyalo-mali kwizinto ezinokuhlaziywa zinokuba nkulu kunezo zinikezwa ngamafutha. Ngapha koko, ezi zibonelelo, Ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuphucula iimeko zokuhlala zeplanethi ngokunciphisa ungcoliseko, banokongeza malunga ne-0,8% kwi-GDP yehlabathi ngowama-2050. Oku kubonakala kwingxelo epapashwe yi-Arhente yaMandla aHlaziyiweyo yeHlabathi (i-IRENA).
Kubizwa ingxelo ka-IRENA "Iimbono zoTshintsho lwaMandla: iimfuno zotyalo-mali zotshintsho lwekhabhoni esezantsi" kwaye iyabonisa, ngaphezulu kwako konke, ukuba ukuthunyelwa okukhulu kunye nophuhliso lwamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokusebenza kwamandla kuwo onke amazwe e-G20 nakwinqanaba lehlabathi, kunganciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi engcolileyo, kwaye ke ngoko kukwazi ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zesiVumelwano saseParis ngokuchasene notshintsho lwemozulu. .
“IsiVumelwano saseParis sibonisa ukuzimisela okungathethekiyo kwezizwe ngezizwe ukuba kuthathwe amanyathelo kwimozulu. Ingqwalaselo kufuneka ijolise ekuphelisweni kwenkqubo yamandla ehlabathi, njengoko ibala phantse isibini kwisithathu sokukhutshwa kwegesi, "utshilo uMlawuli Jikelele we-IRENA uAdnan Z. Amin.
Namhlanje, phantse kulo lonke ihlabathi, izityalo ezitsha ezisekwe kumandla ahlaziyekayo ziyakhiwa eziza kuvelisa umbane ngexabiso eliphantsi kunalezo zisebenza ngezibaso. Ukuba iphuhlisiwe kwezobuchwepheshe kwaye ityale imali kwi-R & D ungasebenza ngakumbi kwaye ufumane inzuzo eninzi. Ukongeza, ukwehliswa kweshishini kwilizwe jikelele kunokuxhasa ukukhula koqoqosho okuzinzileyo kunye nokudala imisebenzi emininzi enxulumene namandla ahlaziyekayo.
Ukuhlaziywa kuyonyusa i-GDP yehlabathi
Itekhnoloji eyenzelwe ilizwe elinokuphinda ihlaziyeke iyanda mihla le, ngendlela enokuthi sithi sikulungele ukutshintsha inkqubo yamandla ethu. Impumelelo yokuba konke oku kuhamba kakuhle kwaye kuyasebenza, Kuya kuxhomekeka kutyalo-mali kunye nokhuseleko osebenza kulo mmandla. Ukongeza, ikwaxhomekeke kwisantya sokusebenza, kuba okukhona sithatha ixesha elide ukuya kutshintsho lwamandla ngokusekwe ku-decarbonization, iindleko zayo ziya kuba phezulu, kuba iziphumo zotshintsho lwemozulu ziya kukhula ngakumbi.
Kuphuhliso lwezinto ezinokuhlaziywa ezinokubakho kutyalo-mali lokuqala luyafuneka kwaye lubalulekile. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2050 kufuneka utyalomali lwama-29.000 ezigidi zeedola. Oku kubonisa kuphela indawo encinci ye-GDP yehlabathi (kunye kunye okanye thabatha i-0,4%).
Ngaphaya koko, uhlalutyo lwe-macroeconomic ye-IRENA lubonisa ukuba utyalo-mali olunje ludala isikhuthazo esithi, kunye neminye imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhula, sithwale izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo:
• Izakukhulisa i-GDP yehlabathi nge-0,8% ngowama-2050.
• Iza kudala imisebenzi emitsha kwicandelo lamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokusebenza kwamandla, nto leyo eya kuthi ibuyisele ukuphulukana nemisebenzi kwimizi-mveliso yezibaso.
• Iza kuphucula intlalo-ntle yabantu ngezibonelelo ezongezelelekileyo ezibalulekileyo kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwimpilo, ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kongcoliseko lomoya.
Silukhawulezisa njani utshintsho lwamandla?
Ngo-2015, kwakhutshwa ii-gigatons ezingama-32 (Gt) ze-CO2 ezinxulumene namandla. Ingxelo ithi izinto ezikhutshwayo kuya kufuneka iwele ngokuqhubekayo kwi-9,5 Gt ngo-2050 ukunciphisa ukufudumeza kungabikho ngaphezulu kweedigri ezimbini ngaphezulu kwamaqondo obushushu angaphambi kwemizi-mveliso.
Ukufezekisa oku kudilika kokukhutshwa kwerhasi, kufuneka sityalomali kwaye sandise amandla ahlaziyekayo (ngakumbi umoya kunye nelanga) kwaye siphucule ukusebenza kwamandla.