Ukusukela oko kwaphuhliswa uguquko kwimizi-mveliso kunye nokufunyanwa kweemoto, Ukukhutshwa kwe CO2 Ngokubambisana nabanye baye bandisa ngokuphawulekayo umphumo we-greenhouse. Unyaka nonyaka ukukhutshwa kwezinto kuye kwanda ngakumbi nangakumbi ukuya kwinqanaba lokugqitha kumyinge obekiweyo luluntu lwenzululwazi olubizwa "olungenakuguqulwa" kwiziphumo zotshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Zithini iziphumo zokukhutshwa kwe-CO2 kwiplanethi nakwimpilo yabantu? Ngaba bakwazile ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa ngumthetho wangoku? Kweli nqaku siza kujongana nezinye zezi zinto zingaziwayo ukuze uyazi kakuhle ipanorama yehlabathi. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngayo? Funda ukuze ufumane.
Ukunyuka kwesiphumo sokushisa
Kulabo abangayikhumbuli kakuhle, isiphumo sendawo eluhlaza senzeka emoyeni kwaye senzeka ngokusebenza kweegesi ezithile ezibizwa ngokuba zii-greenhouse gases. Phakathi kwezinye iigesi yi-CO2. Ukude kubengoku, Yeyona gesi i-greenhouse ikhupha kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela kwaye, nangona ingenawo amandla amakhulu okugcina ubushushu, uxinzelelo lwayo luphezulu kakhulu kangangokuba lolona luxanduva lokufudumeza umhlaba.
Ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 kuvela kuzo zonke iintlobo zokutsha. Ukusuka emlilweni kwisitya esivuthayo ukuya kwiinjini yedizili yemoto. Icandelo lezothutho, ezolimo, njl. Yeyona mithombo iphambili yokukhupha i-CO2 kwiplanethi. Ngenxa yoko, amaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwiplanethi yonke ayanda kwaye abangela ukungalingani okukhulu kwindalo.
Rekhoda i-CO2 ekhutshwa ngo-2017
Ngaphandle kwenyani yokuba itekhnoloji kwicandelo lamandla ahlaziyekayo ibangela ukukhula kwicandelo lokukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza, iSpain ayikho kumkhondo olungileyo. Kunyaka ophelileyo u-2017, Ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 kunyuke nge-4,46% xa kuthelekiswa no-2016. Olu konyuka lumele irekhodi yokukhutshwa kwelizwe lethu ukusukela oko iKyoto Protocol yaqala ukusebenza ngo-2005.
Oku kungenxa yokuba iSpain yonyusa ukusetyenziswa kwezibaso endaweni yokukhuthaza amandla ahlaziyekayo. Emva kotshintsho kumgaqo-nkqubo ngurhulumente waseRajoy, iinkxaso-mali ezazinamandla ahlaziyekayo zapheliswa. Oku kukhokelele kutyalo-mali lokuqala kolu hlobo lweprojekthi ukunyuka okukhulu, ukuze ukuzibophelela kumandla ahlaziyekayo kwehle.
Ukwanda kweegesi ezingcolisa umoya osingqongileyo ngunobangela wokutshintsha kwemozulu. Amalahle asetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kombane akhule nge-21% kunyaka ka-2017. Kwinxalenye yayo, igesi yendalo ikwanyuse ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwizityalo ezijikeleze umjikelo ngama-31,8%. Asithethi ngamanani amancinci, ngokuchaseneyo, ukwanda kukhulu kakhulu kwaye oku kukhokelela ekwandeni kokukhutshwa kwe-CO2 emoyeni.
Amacandelo anoxanduva lokukhupha
Ngamacandelo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuveliswa ngamafutha asefosili kwakunoxanduva lokukhutshwa kwe-76,1%, kulandelwa ziinkqubo zeshishini (isamente, iikhemikhali kunye ne-metallurgical industry) ezibangele i-9,6% yegesi, ezolimo kunye nemfuyo (10,1%) kunye nolawulo lwenkunkuma (4,2. %).
Oku kubonisa ukunyuka okuphezulu xa sithathela ingqalelo iminyaka emibini esisiseko ebonelelwa yi-EU. Siyakuhlonipha uku izinto ezikhutshwayo ngo-1990 zikhule nge-18% kwaye ngokubhekisele kwezo zika-2005 ngama-22,8%. Injongo yokugqibela yaseSpain kukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi engcolileyo ngama-40% ngo-2030 xa kuthelekiswa nokukhutshwa kwayo ngo-1990.
Ukwanda kokukhutshwa kukwabangelwa kukuvuselelwa koqoqosho kancinci emva kwengxaki kunye nokuxhomekeka okuphezulu kwizibaso. Lonke ukwanda kokukhutshwa kunokubonwa njengesizathu sokuqala isicwangciso sobuchule be-decarbonisation. Yenziwa emva kotshintsho kwimodeli yemveliso kwaye kancinci kancinci, njengoko kucetyisiwe sisiVumelwano saseParis.
Kuya kufuneka ucinge ukuba ukulahla i-CO2 ukusuka kunyaka omnye ukuya kolandelayo yinto engenakwenzeka. Ukulibala izibaso zefosili ukwenza indawo yamandla ahlaziyekayo yinto ethatha iminyaka kunye neminyaka yokuziqhelanisa nemizi-mveliso, itekhnoloji kunye nabemi.
Utshintsho nje oluya kuhlaziyo
Amafutha asekwe kumandla ombane anokuphela kwaye lixesha elifutshane. Ngesi sizathu, kucingelwa ukuba eyona nto intle eSpain kukuvala izixhobo zamandla enyukliya eSpain njengoko begqiba iminyaka engama-40 ubudala (izixhobo zamandla enyukliya ziyilelwe ukuba nobomi obuluncedo beminyaka engama-40).
Kwaye ngaba ukuba ucinga imeko apho kusebenza khona ukusebenza, ngonyaka wama-2025 amalahle akazukungena kwigridi yombane. Ama-92% amalahle atshiswayo kwilizwe lethu angeniswa elizweni.
Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 kwezothutho, ibango lokuba urhulumente wenza ukuzibophelela ngobuchule kwisithuthi sombane. Ukuhamba licandelo elibaluleke kakhulu ukuba lihlaselwe kwaye kufuneka ukuba lingangcolisi.
Enye into ekufuneka uyiqwalasele kukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nolawulo lwebango kwishishini nakwizakhiwo. Ngale ndlela, izithintelo ekusebenziseni ngokwakho eSpain kufuneka zithintelwe kwaye amandla ahlaziyiweyo afakelweyo ande.
Umonakalo we-CO2 kwindalo nakwimpilo
Ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 kuneziphumo ezininzi kokusingqongileyo nakubantu. Ngokwanda okulandelanayo kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwehlabathi ngenxa yokugcina ubushushu yi-CO2 iminqwazi polar ziyanyibilika nokunyuka komphakamo wolwandle. Ukongeza, xa i-CO2 ingena elwandle, iyenza i-asidi, iyanciphisa kakhulu abantu.
Ngokwezempilo, ungcoliseko lomoya luxanduva lokufa ngaphambi kwexesha ngonyaka kwizifo zentliziyo kunye nokuphefumla. Uninzi lwazo lwenzeka kwizixeko ezikhulu apho ungcoliseko lomoya oluvela kwindlela ethe kratya luphezulu kakhulu.
Njengoko ubona, ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 kuyaqhubeka nokukhula ngaphandle kwesiVumelwano saseParis.