Kwi-physics kwenziwe ilinge lokulandela into efanelekileyo eyaziwa njenge Ukuhamba okungapheliyo. Ichazwa njengokubakho kokwenza intshukumo ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokwenza nayiphi na imizamo kunye nokuyigcina ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukusuka kwimbono yokuhamba okungapheliyo, amathuba okuba enze umatshini onokuthi usebenze ngokungaxakekanga kwaye uvelise umsebenzi omninzi kumandla abawasebenzisayo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga neempawu zentshukumo engapheliyo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.
Oomatshini bokuhamba rhoqo
Yinto abantu abaye bayifuna ixesha elide kwaye ngabo oomatshini abachaza ukubanakho kokwenza umsebenzi woomatshini ngokungenammiselo. Ndiyathetha, nje ukuba baqale ukwenza umsebenzi kunokuvelisa umsebenzi ongaphezulu kunamandla abawasebenzisayo. Kuqhelekile ukuba yonke le nto ivelise impikiswano enkulu kwicandelo le-physics malunga nokuba eyokuqala neyesibini iya kulahleka okanye hayi. umthetho we-thermodynamics.
Umthetho wokuqala we-thermodynamics ngoyena umisela ngokusisiseko ulondolozo lwamandla. Eyesibini yile ibhekisa kuhlobo lobushushu ekufuneka lukwazi ukuhamba ukusuka kwiindawo apho kukho ubushushu obuphezulu ukuya kwiindawo apho kukho ubushushu obuphantsi.
Phantse nawuphi na umatshini unako ukusebenza usebenzisa umthombo wamandla kunye nomsebenzi wokuvelisa. Nangona kunjalo, igalelo lamandla kufuneka lihlaziyiwe ukuze umatshini aqhubeke nokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, oomatshini bokuhamba abangahlali befana nale. Ke ngoko, zibonakala ngathi zaphula imithetho ye-thermodynamics.
Kucingelwa ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba nomfanekiso ngqondweni wabenzi baba matshini bezama ukubonisa ukuba oku kunokwenzeka. Ukuba sibona ukuhlelwa kwaba matshini sibona ukuba owokuqala unokuvelisa umsebenzi ngaphandle kwegalelo lamandla. Le yinto engenakwenzeka ekuqaleni.
Uhlobo lwesibini lomatshini wokuhambisa okungapheliyo lolona luxanduva lokuguqula ngokuzenzekelayo amandla ashushu abe ngumatshini. Yilapho umbuzo othi "uphi umbane wamandla" uza engqondweni. Inyani yokungabinalo naluphi na uhlobo lokuhambisa amandla olunefuthe lesibini kule mveliso yomsebenzi iyamangalisa. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uqonde ukuba umatshini onjalo unokusebenza njani.
Basebenza njani oomatshini bokuhamba abasebenza rhoqo
Ukuba siqhubeka nokukhulisa ukucinga kwethu, sinokufumana oomatshini bohlobo lwesithathu. Xa sibona olu hlobo lomatshini, lususe ngokupheleleyo konke ukungqubana onako nawuphi na umatshini onomhlaba okanye umoya. Ngokungabinalo naluphi na uhlobo lokungqubana, umsebenzi ongapheliyo unokufikelelwa. Asibhekiseli kwimodeli efanelekileyo apho ukusasazeka kwamandla kunokususwa kuye kwelona liphezulu. Ewe kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukupheliswa kwamandla kwiipesenti ezimbalwa.
Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukulibala imithetho ye-thermodynamics kuba isekwe kakuhle kakhulu kwithiyori nasekusebenzeni. Xa sithetha ngoomatshini bokuhamba okungapheliyo Iingxabano kunye nokungathembani kuyenziwa kuba akukho modeli inokwenza ukuba i-100% isebenze.
Siza kuhlalutya ukuba zeziphi izizathu zokuba kutheni izazinzulu zizama ukwazi intshukumo engapheliyo. Sibuyele emva kunyaka we-1670, apho uBhishophu waseChester kunye nelungu leRoyal Society baphuhlisa uluvo olusisiseko semithombo yamandla. Imalunga nokukhutshwa kwemichiza, ubuhle bemagnethi kunye nomxhuzulane. Kulapho sityala ukungazinzi okuveliswa ngumtsalane kumazibuthe kunye nefuthe lokuhamba. Oososayensi bahlala njalo Batsaliwe sesi senzo semagnethi nefuthe elinalo ekuhambeni.
Ukusuka koku, imodeli yenziwa. Yirampu enemagnethi ephezulu etsala ibhola yentsimbi phezulu. Kufuphi nemagnethi kukho umngxunya omncinci ovumela ibhola ukuba iwe kwaye ibuyele kwisiseko kwakhona. Oluvavanyo aluzange lusebenze kuba akukho magnethi inamandla enokuvumela ibhola ukuba iwele emngxunyeni. Ukusukela ngoko, abavelisi baguqukele kwiimpawu zomxhuzulane, ulandelelwano lweemagnethi okanye ezinye iintlobo zezixhobo ukuze zikwazi ukuvelisa intshukumo engapheliyo. Inyani emsulwa yeyokuba akukho namnye kubo ophumeleleyo.
Kutheni bengasebenzi
Kuya kufuneka sazi ukuba kukho umthunywa ongu-halo wethemba kwabo bafuna ukushukuma okungapheliyo. Ayinakugwetywa ngokupheleleyo ukuba indlela yolu hlobo ayikaze ifunyanwe, kuba zininzi izinto ezingekaziwa ngendalo iphela. Ingayiyo singafumana iindlela ezintsha zokwenza izinto ezenza ukuba siguqule imithetho ye-thermodynamics. Zonke ezi ntshukumo zingapheliyo zikhona kwisikali se-quantum.
Ukubhalwa kwakhona kwemithetho ye-thermodynamics kuya kuba lutshintsho olukhulu kwi-physics namhlanje.
Iinkqubo zempahla ezisisigxina
Inkqubo ezingapheliyo zoluhlu lweempahla zenziwe njengeyona ndlela yokubala ye-inventri kwiinkampani. Baza kuba nakho ukubhalisa kwangoko ukuthengisa okanye ukuthengwa kwempahla ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zekhompyuter kunye nesoftware yolawulo. Enkosi kwaba matshini kuyenzeka ukuba ubonise umbono ocacileyo malunga notshintsho kwi-inventri eneengxelo kuphela zobungakanani besitokhwe esikhoyo.
Ibizwa ngeli gama kuba uluhlu lwempahla alunasiphelo kwaye yenye yeendlela ezikhethiweyo zoluhlu lweempahla. Kwaye oku kunokwenza iziphumo ngokuqhubekayo zibe ziziphumo ezifanelekileyo nezichanekileyo. Iinkampani kufuneka zilawule uluhlu lwempahla rhoqo kwaye kubiza kakhulu kwaye kunokukhokelela kwinkunkuma ethile. Kwelinye icala, ukuba neendlela ezimbalwa kakhulu ubeka umngcipheko wokudanisa abathengi kunye nokuthatha ingeniso yokuthengisa evela kukhuphiswano. Ngesi sizathu, iinkqubo zeempahla ezingapheliyo ziqinisekisa ukuba iinkampani Banokuba nesitokhwe esaneleyo ukuba bakwazi ukufihla ibango kwaye bakwazi ukwenza ukubala rhoqo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni intshukumo engapheliyo kunye neempawu zayo.