Amandla e-geothermal luhlobo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo akwaziyo ukusebenzisa ubushushu obuvela kumhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba ukufudumeza izakhiwo kunye nokufumana amanzi ashushu ngendlela yendalo. Ngomnye wemithombo engaziwayo encinci evuselelekayo, kodwa iziphumo zayo zibalasele kakhulu.
Amandla Kufuneka iveliswe kwisityalo se-geothermal, kodwa yintoni isityalo se-geothermal kwaye sisebenza njani?
Isityalo samandla ombane
Isityalo samandla aphuma kubushushu bomhlaba sisibonelelo apho kutsalwa ubushushu eMhlabeni ukuze kuveliswe amandla ahlaziyekayo. Ikhabhon dayoksayidi ekhupha iatmosferi ukuvela kolu hlobo lwamandla imalunga nama-45 g ngokomndilili. Oku iiakhawunti ezingaphantsi kweepesenti ezi-5 zokukhutshwa Ehambelana nezityalo ezitshisayo zepetroli, ngoko ke zinokuthathwa njengamandla acocekileyo.
Abona bavelisi baninzi bamandla aphuma kubushushu bomhlaba emhlabeni yi-United States, Philippines kunye ne-Indonesia. Kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuba amandla e-geothermal, nangona ehlaziywa, ngamandla alinganiselweyo. Inqunyelwe, hayi ngenxa yokuba ubushushu boMhlaba buya kupheliswa (kude nayo), kodwa inokukhutshwa ngendlela efanelekileyo kwezinye iindawo zeplanethi apho umsebenzi wobushushu basemhlabeni unamandla ngakumbi. Imalunga nezo "ndawo zishushu" apho amandla amaninzi anokutsalwa kwindawo nganye yeyunithi.
Kuba ulwazi malunga namandla e-geothermal aluphucukanga kakhulu, uMbutho waMandla oMbane we-Geothermal uqikelela ukuba ubotshelelwa kuphela okwangoku i-6,5% yamandla ehlabathi amandla alo.
Izibonelelo zamandla ombane
Kuba uqweqwe lomhlaba lusebenza njengobushushu, ukuze ufumane amandla obushushu, umhlaba kufuneka ugqobhozwe ngemibhobho, ngemagnma okanye ngamanzi. Oku kuvumela ukuphuma kwezinto zangaphakathi kunye nokubanjwa kwazo ngokusebenzisa izityalo zamandla aphuma kubushushu bomhlaba.
Ukuveliswa kombane oshushu ifuna amaqondo obushushu aphezulu enokuvela kuphela kwezona ndawo zinzulu zomhlaba. Ukuze ungaphulukani nobushushu ngexesha lothutho kwisityalo, makwakhiwe imijikelezo yemagnethi, iindawo zemithombo eshushu, ukujikeleza kwamanzi, imithombo yamanzi okanye indibaniselwano yazo zonke kufuneka zakhiwe.
Isixa sezixhobo ezikhoyo kolu hlobo lwamandla iyonyuka ngobunzulu apho igrunjwa kunye nokusondela kwimiphetho yamacwecwe. Kwezi ndawo umsebenzi we-geothermal mkhulu, ke kukho ubushushu obusebenziseka ngakumbi.
Sisebenza njani isityalo samandla aphuma kubushushu bamanzi?
Ukusebenza kwesityalo samandla aphuma kubushushu bamanzi kusekelwe kwintsebenzo enzima kakhulu esebenza kuyo Inkqubo yokutyala intsimi. Ngamanye amagama, amandla akhutshwa kumbindi womhlaba kwaye asiwe kwisityalo apho umbane uveliswa khona.
Intsimi ye-geothermal
Intsimi ye-geothermal apho usebenza khona iyahambelana nomhlaba womhlaba nge-gradient ephezulu ye-geothermal kunesiqhelo. Oko kukuthi, ukonyuka okukhulu kubushushu kubunzulu. Le ndawo ine-gradient ephezulu ye-geothermal ihlala ibangelwa bubukho be-aquifer evalelwe ngamanzi ashushu kwaye igcinwe kwaye inqunyelwe ngumaleko ongangenisiyo ogcina bonke ubushushu noxinzelelo. Oku kwaziwa njengendawo yokugcina amanzi e-geothermal kwaye kulapha apho kukhutshwa khona ubushushu ukuze kuveliswe umbane.
Amaqula okutsala ubushushu be-geothermal adibanisa kumzi-mveliso wamandla akwezi nkalo ze-geothermal. Umphunga ukhutshwa ngothungelwano lwemibhobho kwaye uqhutyelwa kwisityalo apho amandla obushushu omphunga aguqulwa abe ngamandla oomatshini kwaye emva koko abe ngumbane.
Inkqubo yokuvelisa
Inkqubo yokuvelisa iqala ngokukhutshwa komxube wamanzi kunye nowamanzi kwidama lomhlaba. Nje ukuba usiwe kwisityalo, umphunga wahlulwe kumanzi aphuma kubushushu bomhlaba kusetyenziswa izixhobo ebizwa ngokuba sisahluli secyclonic. Xa kukhutshwa umphunga, amanzi abuyiselwa kumphezulu kwakhona echibini ukuze afudunyezwe (yiyo loo nto ingumthombo ohlaziyekayo).
Umphunga okhutshiweyo uqhutyelwa kwisityalo kwaye usebenze i-turbine ene-rotor ejikelezayo malunga Iinguqu ezingama-3 ngomzuzu, ethi yona isebenze ijenereyitha, apho ukungqubana nentsimi ye-electromagnetic kuguqula amandla oomatshini abe ngumbane. Iivolthi ezili-13800 zivela kumvelisi othi xa ugqithiselwa kuguqulelo, ziguqulwe zaba zii-volts ezili-115000. La mandla aziswa kwimizi yombane ephezulu ukuba ithunyelwe kwizitishi ezincinane kwaye ukusuka apho kuye kumakhaya onke, kwimizi-mveliso, ezikolweni nasezibhedlele.
Umphunga we-geothermal uyakhutshwa kwakhona kwaye ubuyiselwe kumhlaba ongaphantsi emva kokuguqula i-turbine. Le nkqubo yenza ukuba amanzi afudunyezwe kwindawo yokugcina amandla ombane kwaye ayenze ikhuphe amandla ahlaziyekayo, kuba xa iphinde yahlaziywa iya kujika ibe ngumphunga kwaye iphinde ijike i-injini yomoya kwakhona. Konke oku kunokuthiwa ngamandla e-geothermal ngumbane ococekileyo, ojikelezayo, ohlaziyekayo nozinzileyoKuba ukususwa kwakhona kwesixhobo apho amandla aveliswayo ahlaziywa kwakhona. Ukuba amanzi ahlukanisiweyo kunye nomphunga ocoliweyo khange baphinde babuyiselwe kwidama lomhlaba, bekungayi kuthathwa njengamandla ahlaziyekayo, kuba, xa oovimba begqityiwe, akusayi kuphinda kukhutshwe umphunga.
Iindidi zezityalo zamandla aphuma kubushushu bomhlaba
Zintathu iintlobo zezityalo zamandla aphuma kubushushu bomhlaba.
Izityalo zomphunga owomileyo
Ezi paneli zinoyilo olulula noludala. Zizo ezo zisebenzisa umphunga ngokuthe ngqo kubushushu be malunga ne-150 degrees okanye ngaphezulu ukuqhuba iiturbine nokwenza umbane.
Izityalo zeFlash Steam
Ezi zityalo zisebenza ngokunyusa amanzi ashushu ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwimithombo kunye nokuwangenisa kwiitanki zoxinzelelo oluphantsi. Xa uxinzelelo lwehlisiwe, amanye amanzi ayaphuma kwaye ahlukane nolwelo ukuqhuba iiturbine. Njengakwamanye amaxesha, ulwelo olungaphezulu kolwelo kunye nomphunga ocoliweyo ubuyiselwa echibini.
Amaziko ojikelezo lweBhinary
Ezi zezona zalemihla kwaye zinokusebenza kubushushu obulwelo iidigri ezingama-57 kuphela. Amanzi ashushu ngokuphakathi kwaye adluliswa ecaleni kolunye ulwelo olunendawo yokubila esezantsi kakhulu kunamanzi. Ngale ndlela, xa idibana namanzi, nokuba kubushushu be-57 kuphela degrees, iyaphunga kwaye inokusetyenziselwa ukuhambisa oomatshini bomoya.
Ngolu lwazi, ngokuqinisekileyo akukho mathandabuzo malunga nokusebenza kwesityalo samandla ombane.
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