Omnye isikhululo sombane sisixhobo sombane okanye iqela lesixhobo esiyinxalenye yesixokelelwano sombane. Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukuvelisa, ukuguqulwa, ukulawulwa kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla ombane. Izitishi ezingaphantsi kufuneka ziguqule kwaye ziseke amanqanaba ombane kwiziseko zoncedo zombane ukuze amandla ombane akwazi ukusasazwa kwaye asasazwe.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga nezitishi zombane, iimpawu zabo kunye nokubaluleka.
Iintlobo zezikhululo zombane
Isikhululo sombane lufakelo olunoxanduva lokuguqula i-voltage, i-frequency, inani lezigaba okanye ukudibanisa kweesekethe ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Zibekwe kufutshane nezixhobo zombane, kumda weendawo ezisetyenziswayo, okanye ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezakhiwo. Izikhululo ezidolophini zidla ngokubekwa ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo ukuze konge indawo nokunciphisa ungcoliseko. Ngokwahlukileyo, amaziko angaphandle abekwe kwindawo engaphandle kwamaziko asezidolophini. Kukho iindidi ezininzi zezikhululo zombane:
- Izitishi zenguqu. Baguqula i-voltage yamandla ombane nge-transformer enye okanye ngaphezulu. Basenokuba kukunyuka okanye ukuhla.
- Ukutshintsha isitishi esingaphantsi. Badibanisa iisekethe ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kunye nomsebenzi. Kolu hlobo lwe-substation i-voltage ayiguqulwanga.
- Iziguquli zokunyusa: Olu hlobo lwesitishi esisezantsi lunyathela umbane owenziweyo ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu ukuwuguqula.
- Iziguquli ezisezantsi: Ekugqibeleni, ngokungafaniyo nezitishi zokunyuka, ii-transformers ezisezantsi zinciphisa i-voltage ephezulu ukuya kumanqanaba amodareyitha okusasazwa.
Izitishi zombane ezinyukayo nezisezantsi
Izinyusi zonyusa amandla ombane avelisiweyo ukusuka phakathi ukuya phezulu okanye phezulu kakhulu ukuze ugqithise. Baphandle elubala, ecaleni kwendawo yombane. I-voltage ephambili ye-transformer ngokuqhelekileyo iphakathi kwe-3 kunye ne-36 kV. I-voltage yesibini ye-transformer inqunywe ngumbane wentambo yokuhambisa okanye umgca wokudibanisa (66, 110, 220 okanye 380 kV).
Kwelinye icala, izinciphisi zizikhululo ezinomsebenzi wokunciphisa amandla ombane aphezulu okanye awongezelelweyo aphezulu ukuya kumbane ophakathi ukuze zisasazwe kamva. I-voltage ephambili ye-transformer ixhomekeke kumbane wokuhambisa umbane (66, 110, 220 okanye 380 kV). I-voltage yesibini ye-transformer ixhomekeke kwi-voltage yomgca wokusabalalisa (phakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-30kV).
Iintlobo zeempazamo
Ezona mpazamo zixhaphakileyo kwiisekethe zezi:
Intambo emfutshane: Lunxibelelwano ngokuzithandela okanye ngengozi apho kukho umahluko onokubakho phakathi kwamanqaku amabini kwisekethe. Ezi mpazamo kufuneka zicinywe kwimizuzwana emi-5.
Iinkqubo zokhuseleko ezisetyenziswayo zezi:
- Iswitshi yokuzahlula.
- Ukutshintsha kweSolenoid.
Ngokuqhubekayo: Ngamandla amakhulu kune-nominal, anokuvelisa ukugqithisa okanye isiphaluka esifutshane ngexesha. Umthwalo ogqithisileyo uqondwa njengokunyuka kwangoku ngaphezu komlinganiselo olinganisiweyo.
Iinkqubo zokhuseleko ezisetyenziswayo zezi:
- fuse
- Iiswitshi ze-electromagnetic kunye nemagnetocaloric.
Umfowunelwa ngqo: luqhagamshelwano phakathi komntu kunye neendawo ezihambayo zesixhobo. Iinkqubo zokhuseleko ezisetyenziswayo zezi:
- Yahlula iindawo ezisebenzayo zofakelo.
- Ukuqinisekisa umgama okhuselekileyo phakathi kwemiqobo.
uqhagamshelwano olungathanga ngqo: ukudibana komntu nobunzima obungalindelekanga, njengoko kuqhele ukwenzeka kwiicasings zemoto. Eyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu ekukhuselweni koqhagamshelwano olungathanga ngqo yiloo nto idibanisa ukutshintshela ukwahlula kunye nomzimba osezantsi.
Ukungenelela:
- overvoltage: I-voltage ephezulu kunexabiso eliphezulu elinokubakho phakathi kwamanqaku amabini ofakelo lombane. Ukuthintela ukuqhambuka, iireyilayi zokhuselo lokutya ziyasetyenziswa.
- ukungabikho kwamandla: I-voltage iphantsi kune-voltage yokusebenza elinganisiweyo yesekethe. Ukuthintela i-undervoltages, i-relay yokukhusela i-undervoltage ifakwe.
Iinkqubo zokhuseleko
Kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ngofakelo lombane olwahlukeneyo ngeenkqubo zokhuseleko ezifana nezi:
i-fuse cutouts
Zizixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukusika ngokuzenzekelayo iisekethe xa i-current passing kubo iphezulu kakhulu. I-fuse yinxalenye yesekethe eya kunyibilika ukuba yodlula amandla ayo awenziweyo. I-fuse ishidi eliqhubayo okanye ucingo olusetyenziselwa ukunyibilika kwaye ngaloo ndlela luphule isekethe, ngelixa i-fuse ikwabandakanya i-casing, i-backing material, njl.
i-thermal relay
Isixhobo sokukhusela esinamandla okufumanisa ukuhamba kwangoku okungavumelekanga. Ngokwayo, awukwazi ukususa impazamo, udinga enye into ukuze ukhuphe isinki. Izibane zesignali zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo xa kuvalwa isiphaluka ukubonisa ukuba i-thermal relay iye yakhubeka ngenxa ye-overcurrent engavumelekanga.
Ukutshintsha okuzenzekelayo
Izixhobo ze-Electromechanical ezikwazi ukusika ii-overcurrents ezingavumelekanga kunye neesekethe ezimfutshane ezinokwenzeka ngokwazo.
- vula isiphaluka esifutshane: Isebenza ngokomgaqo wokusebenza kwamagnetic. I-coil yamagnetic ivelisa amandla ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-levers enoxanduva lokuvula oonxibelelwano abahambayo (igalelo langoku). Ukuba i-current through the circuit breaker idlula amandla alinganisiweyo ngamaxesha amaninzi, i-circuit breaker iya kuvula ngaphantsi kwe-5 millisecond.
- Uhambo lokugcwala: Kule meko, isebenza kumgaqo wokusebenza kwe-thermal. I-bimetal flexes xa ihamba nge-overcurrent engavumelekanga kwaye idala amandla ahanjiswe nge-lever kwaye aphule umnxibelelwano ohambayo. Ixesha lesenzo lichongwa ngokunyanzeliswa okuhamba ngalo: ukuphakama okuphezulu, ixesha elingaphantsi kwesenzo.
Ukutshintsha okwahlukileyo
Izixhobo zokukhusela zokubona kunye nokuphelisa iziphene zokugquma. Esi sixhobo sibaluleke kakhulu kufakelo lombane, Kuyimfuneko ukuphepha i-overcurrents kunye neesekethe ezimfutshane., beka i-magneto-thermal switch ngaphambili.
Ngethuba lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwesi sixhobo, i-current ingena kwi-receiver inexabiso elifanayo njengangoku elishiya ummkeli. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yokungaphumeleli kwe-insulation, kuya kubakho ukungalingani phakathi kwegalelo kunye nemisinga yokuphuma; utshintsho lwangoku aluyi kuba ngunothi. Xa utshintsho oluhlukileyo lubona ukuba olu tshintsho lwangoku alukho zero, lusebenza ngokuvula isiphaluka.
ukwahlula iswitshi
Uqhagamshelo lomatshini kunye nesixhobo sokuqhawula esivumela ukutshintsha udibaniso lwesekethe yombane ukwahlula into okanye inxalenye yothungelwano lombane oluphuma kuyo yonke inethiwekhi. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-switch switch, i-current in circuit kufuneka inqunywe.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neendawo zombane kunye neempawu zazo.