Umgquba yeyona ndlela isebenzayo neluncedo yokuphinda isetyenziswe kubo bonke abantu abanendawo eyaneleyo yokuba nemigqomo yabo yomgquba. Zininzi Izinto eziluncedo kumgqomo we-compost eyenziwe ekhaya oko kunokusinika uncedo lokuvundisa izityalo zethu.
Ngesi sizathu, siza kunikela eli nqaku ukuze sikuxelele malunga nezinto eziluncedo zomgqomo owenziwe ekhaya, zeziphi iimpawu zawo kunye nendlela ekufuneka siyenze i-compost esemgangathweni.
Iimpawu zomgqomo womgquba
Izikhongozeli zalo mathiriyeli ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza izichumisi eziphilayo zezityalo zethu zinokuba ziindidi ezahlukeneyo. Safumana imigqomo ye-compost enentsimbi, umthi kunye neplastiki. Eyona nto ingcono kakhulu, ilungiselelwe ukuba ibenemingxuma phezulu nasezantsi kunye nasemacaleni ukuze kungene umoya rhoqo.
Ukuze ukhuphe umgquba emva kokuba umile, kufuneka ube nesivalo. Kunconywa ukuba i-bottom idibane nomhlaba, kodwa ayifuni. Ukuba ayiwuchukumisi umhlaba, singenza ukuvuleka kwecala njengesango.
Ukuze i-compost yenziwe ngendlela ezinzileyo neqhubekayo, kufuneka sifake i-organic matter kumaleko. Omnye umaleko kufuneka uqulethwe yinto eyomileyo, phakathi kwayo kukho amasebe, ii-husks ezomileyo, i-sawdust, amaqabunga, i-sawdust, njl. Kuya kufuneka sitshintshe le maleko eyomileyo kunye neengqimba zezinye izinto ezifumileyo ezinje ngamaqokobhe amaqanda, ii-apile, amaxolo ebhanana, amagqabi e-lettuce, iindawo zekofu, iintsalela ze-infusions, ukungcola okuthile, njl.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, kufuneka ubeke ezinye iintshulube kumaleko amanzi. Ezi ntshulube zinceda kakhulu ekucaluleni izinto eziphilayo kunye nokuphucula umoya. Ukongeza, sinokufumana i-compost esemgangathweni. Kwinqanaba lokuqala sinokubeka amasebe amakhulu kunye nezinye iziqwenga ezimbini zokhuni, ezinokuthi ziququzelele umoya. Ukuba songeza iintshulube okanye umhlaba omncinane, singenza umgquba womgangatho ophezulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba amawaka efungi kunye neebhaktheriya ziya kongezwa ukunceda ukudiliza izinto eziphilayo.
Kufuneka uthathe ingqalelo iintsalela zeempundu zecuba, iintsalela zeziqhamo zesitrasi, amathambo, uthuthu lwamalahle, inyama, izichebi zeyadi ezinezichumisi, ilindle lezilwanyana kunye neeplastiki ezingenakulahlwa.. Zonke ezi ntsalela zithintela ukubunjwa komgquba okumgangatho ophezulu kwaye zicothise isenzo sebhaktiriya ehlisa umgangatho wezinto eziphilayo.
Uwugcina njani ngokufanelekileyo umgqomo womgquba
Apha ngezantsi, siza kukunika iingcebiso eziyimfuneko zokugcina umgqomo wakho womgquba usebenza ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza umgquba. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, imigqomo yomgquba iluncedo ngakumbi ukuba sinegadi ephilayo ekhaya. Ngale ndlela, sinokufumana izinto ezenziwe ekhaya kunye nezichumisi zezityalo kunye nezityalo zethu.
Ukuze kugcinwe lo mgqomo womgquba ngokufanelekileyo, umgqomo siya kuphosa izinto eziphilayo kwiimfuno zokugqunywa ukugcina umgangatho othile wokufuma. Kwakhona, iqondo lobushushu kufuneka libe phakathi kwe 35 kunye ne 55 degrees for fermentation. Inkqubo yokwenziwa komgquba icotha kakhulu. Isikhongozelo kufuneka sigqunywe kwaye sigcinwe kubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma kangangeenyanga ezi-3-4 ukuvelisa umgquba osemgangathweni.
Ngeli xesha, kuyimfuneko ukubeka iliso malunga neeveki ezi-2 ukwenzela ukuba umswakama ungaphakamisi kakhulu kwaye ungahlali womile. Ukwazi oku, sinokusebenzisa isalathisi sokuvumba. Ukuba imanzi kakhulu, iya kunuka ukubola. Ukunciphisa oku, kufuneka songeze into eyomileyo kwaye siyivumele ukuba ikhuphe umoya. Kwelinye icala, ukuba inuka iammonia, kukho umxube omanzi kakhulu kwaye kufuneka kongezwe amagqabi awomileyo.
Okuchaseneyo kusenokuba njalo. Ukuba umxube uthatha ixesha elide kwaye wome kakhulu, kufuneka siwufumise ngamanzi amancinci okanye uthele izinto ezimanzi. Sinokuyikhama ngesandla kwaye ukuba ikhuphe kakhulu ibe manzi, ukuba ayikhuphi enye into yome kakhulu. Ngokufanelekileyo, kwi khama isixa esincinci sale nto ephilayo ngaphandle kwamathontsi ambalwa.
Ukugcina umgquba ukwimeko entle, kufuneka siwususe rhoqo kabini okanye kathathu, siwuguqule kancinci kancinci ube sisichumisi esiza kunceda izityalo zethu. Esi sichumiso siya kuqokelelana kweyona ndawo isezantsi yomgqomo womgquba. Ukuba besinocango ezantsi, lo mgquba sinokuwususa qho emva kweenyanga ezi-5 okanye ezi-6. Ukwazi ukuba ikulungele ngokupheleleyo, sinokuthatha isandla kwaye sigcine umbala wayo, umbala kunye nokuthungwa. Ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka kube ngumbala omnyama, omanzi. Akufanele uqaphele nantoni na oyifakileyo, ngaphandle kwamasetyana ambalwa, afanele abe nevumba lomhlaba wendalo xa uwachola.
Ukuba uyaqhubeka ukwenza umgquba ngokujula umaleko omtsha we-organic matter kumgqomo wakho womgquba, uya kukwazi ukufumana i-compost eqhubekayo nangona ixesha layo lide lokuthotywa.
Izinto eziluncedo kumgqomo we-compost eyenziwe ekhaya
Inceda ukuphucula umgangatho womoya
Inkunkuma kamasipala iyingozi kakhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo njengoko ibangela ukwanda kokukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside kunye nefuthe layo kutshintsho lwemozulu. Umgquba unokusetyenziswa njengenye indlela yokuphucula umgangatho womoya esiwuphefumlayo, ukunciphisa ukutshiswa kwenkunkuma, umsi, uthuthu kunye neemveliso eziyityhefu ezizivelisayo ezinokuthi zibangele ukwaliwa, ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma kunye nokwandisa ubuthi be-particulate matter kwindalo.
ukunciphisa itiphu
Ukusebenzisa iingxowa zenkunkuma zemveli I-50% ye-organic matter inokufumaneka, enokuthi iguqulwe ibe yi-humus, oluluncedo kuphuhliso lwezityalo kunye nezityalo. Amanani acacile: kunye ne-100 kg yenkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo, i-30 kg yesichumisi sendalo inokufumaneka.
esetyenziswa njengesibulali zinambuzane
Ngethuba lenkqubo yokudibanisa, ukuchithwa kwezinto eziphilayo kwenzeka, ukwenza i-organic liquid enokuthi isetyenziswe kunye ne-pesticides okanye izichumisi. Izinto eziveliswa ngolu tshintsho zibizwa ngokuba yi-leachate.
I-Leachate isetyenziswa njengesichumiso esingamanzi. Kodwa isenokusetyenziswa njengesibulali zinambuzane ukulawula izinambuzane nezifo. I-leachate ibonakaliswe njengesitshabalalisi esilungileyo kwitapile okanye kwi-tomato blight, powdery mildew kunye neFusarium kwimithi yama-apile. ILeachate yenza ukuba izityalo zixhathise ngakumbi kusulelo ngokugxotha izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo ezifana nokukhula komngundo.
Kwezolimo, kuqhelekile ukusebenzisa iti ye-compost, umxube wamanzi kunye ne-compost ekhusela i-spores ukuba ingahluli.
Inegalelo ekuqhubekekeni komjikelo wobomi
Ukwenza umgquba yindlela yokulinganisa indalo kumjikelo wobomi bayo. Emahlathini, umzekelo, ekwindla amagqabi emithi ayawa emhlabeni kunye namaqhekeza amasebe kunye neentsalela zezinto eziphilayo, eziguqulwa zibe yi-humus, ukudala umhlaba omnyama onevumba elingaqhelekanga.
Ikhuthaza ukungafani kwezityalo nezilwanyana
Inkqubo yokuguqula inkunkuma ye-organic ibe yi-humus okanye isichumiso se-organic ibandakanya ii-microbes, ibhaktheriya, kunye nezinambuzane ezifana neentshulube. Kule nkqubo yokubola, izinto eziphilayo ziba yimveliso yomhlaba emva kokufa.
Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha efosili
Ngokobuchwephesha, xa imizi-mveliso ivelisa umgquba, isebenzisa oomatshini abaxhomekeke kwioli ekuyiveliseni, ekupakisheni nasekuthumeleni ioli. Endaweni yoko, nge-compost yendalo, inkunkuma ephilayo iguqulwa ibe yi-humus okanye isichumiso esiphilayo ngenkqubo yokubola yendalo, ukunciphisa unyawo lwakho lwekhabhoni.
Izichumisi ezifunyenwe kwinkqubo yokwenziwa komgquba zinokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi zekhemikhali ezingcolisa i-aquifers ngenxa yokugqithiswa kwee-nitrate.
umhlaba otyebileyo ngezondlo
Ngokwenza umgquba sinokuwuphucula umgangatho womhlaba osemasimini nasezigadini zethu. I-pH yayo engathathi hlangothi yenza ukuba ithembeke kakhulu ukuba isetyenziswe kuzo zonke iintlobo zezityalo. Ikwanegalelo kugcino nophuhliso loluntu lwemicrobial yomhlaba kunye ne-microfauna. Umgquba unceda izityalo ukufunxa izondlo kwaye unokunyusa isivuno sezityalo ezityiwayo nezihonjisiweyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neenzuzo ze-compost bin kunye neempawu zayo.