Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-ikhosistim apho izilwanyana zihlala kwaye ziphuhla. Kule meko, Izilwanyana zasehlathini baye baphuhlisa kwaye baziqhelanisa nale meko ukuze baphile ngokupheleleyo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezihlala emahlathini kwaye nganye kuzo inezinto zayo ezikhethekileyo.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga nazo zonke iimpawu, indlela yokuphila kunye nokuziphendukela kwezilwanyana zehlathi.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Izilwanyana zamahlathi zezo zifumana indawo yazo yokuhlala kwi-biome yehlathi. Oko kukuthi, kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeplanethi yethu, imithi kunye namatyholo axinene ngakumbi. Kuba akukho nkqubo yendalo ngokwayo ingabizwa ngokuba "lihlathi", kodwa zombini amahlathi ashinyeneyo afana ne-arctic taiga adityaniswe phantsi kweli gama, Izilwanyana zasehlathini ziquka iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo ngeentlobo.
Amahlathi, njengoko siwazi, abaluleke kakhulu ebomini. Kwelinye icala, bagcina iintlobo zezilwanyana ezininzi okanye ezincinci ezahlukeneyo ezidibanisa ukutya okanye iisekethe zezondlo, nokuba kumasebe, iingcambu, iziqu okanye iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo zazo. Kwelinye icala, bavelisa izixa ezikhulu zeoksijini esemoyeni, baphinde balungise ikharbon diokside kwaye bagcine imozulu yoMhlaba izinzile.
Izilwanyana zamahlathi ngokweecosystems
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-ikhosistim ngaphakathi kwamahlathi kwaye kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nazo. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni nganye yazo:
- Amahlathi ashinyeneyo kunye namahlathi ashinyeneyo okanye amahlathi ashinyeneyo: Amasele, amaxoxo, amabhabhathane, izigcawu, iinyoka, iinkawu, izinambuzane, iintaka ezingaqhelekanga kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo zihlala apha.
- Amahlathi ashinyeneyo namahlathi awomileyo: Iimazi, iintaka, izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezininzi ezifana namaxhama, iimpuku, iinyoka zemozulu eyomileyo, iinkawu ezincinci ezifana neetshimpanzi nazo zonke iintlobo zezinambuzane zihlala apha.
- amahlathi e-coniferous subtropical: Baziwa nangegama lehlathi lepine. Apha sifumana izilwanyana ezifana neentaka ezidla inyama, amanye amarhamncwa, iimazi ezinkulu ezifana namahlosi, iinkawu ezincinci kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo ezifana nesloth.
- Amahlathi apholileyo naxubileyo: sinokufumana kwiinyamakazi, iihagu zasendle, i-squirrels, amaxhalanga, iinyoka ezincinci ezifana ne-coral, i-canids, njl.
- Amahlathi e-coniferous aphakathi: Kwezi nkqubo zendalo sinokufumana iindidi ezifana nexhama, iimpungutye, iilynx, amaxhama, ookhetshe kunye nezinye iindidi ezincinci zezirhubuluzi.
- Amahlathi eBoreal okanye iitaigas: sinokufumana iibhere ezinkulu, iingcuka, iintaka ezidla inyama njengeenkozi, iintlanzi zeentaba ezifana nesalmon, iimarmots, njl.
- Amahlathi eMeditera: Kwezi ndalo, zonke iindidi zeentaka ziyakhula, ezifana namantombazana, iintaka, amarhamncwa, ezinye iindidi zezilwanyana ezanyisayo ezifana neebhokhwe zasezintabeni, amarhamncwa afana namabhere amdaka, izirhubuluzi kunye nezilwanyana ezihlala emanzini.
- Imihlume: Izilwanyana ezinjengeentlanzi zeentlobo ngeentlobo nezincinci, oononkala kunye neebhivalves ezinje nge oyster kunye ne mussels, iintaka zokuloba, iicaiman kunye neengwenya zikhula kwezi ndawo.
Iindidi zehlathi
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwahlula amahlathi, kodwa ukubona ukuba yeyiphi eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwisifundo sezilwanyana zamahlathi, nikela ingqalelo kwindlela ecetywayo yi-WWF (World Wildlife Fund) yokwahlula amahlathi kwi-biomes:
- Amahlathi ashinyeneyo kunye namahlathi ashinyeneyo okanye amahlathi anemvula. Zifumaneka kwiindawo ezitshisayo kwaye zibonisa izakhiwo zemithi ezishinyeneyo, ezide, ezisisigxina kwiindawo ezishushu kunye nemozulu epholileyo enomswakama ophezulu kunye nemvula.
- Amahlathi ashinyeneyo kunye namagqabi awomileyo okanye amahlathi awomileyo. Zifumaneka kwiindawo ezikwiitropikhi nakwizibanzi, zitshintshana amaxesha amafutshane emvula zamaxesha onyaka kunye nexesha elide lembalela, kunye nezityalo ezixineneyo okanye ezixineneyo.
- I-subtropical coniferous okanye amahlathi epine. Isasazwa ikakhulu kwiindawo ezinemozulu efumileyo engaphantsi, enexesha elide elomileyo kunye nemvula encinci, ingakumbi amahlathi axubeneyo kunye namagqabi abanzi.
- Amagqabi kunye namahlathi apholileyo axubileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo imozulu enemozulu epholileyo, kunye nokwahlukana okukhulu kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nemvula, kukho ii-angiosperms (izityalo ezidubulayo), ezihlala zixutywa neentlobo ezivuthulukayo kunye nelaurels.
- amahlathi e-coniferous aphakathi. Uhlaza oluhlala luhlaza, ngokubanzi kwiindawo eziphakamileyo (ezifana namahlathi akwi-subalpine), zixhaphakile kwimozulu epholileyo enehlobo elishushu kunye nobusika obubandayo, imvula eninzi, kunye nokuxhaphaka kweeconifers.
- ihlathi le-boreal okanye i-taiga. Lawa ikakhulu ngamahlathi e-coniferous, nangona kukho amahlathi axubileyo ngamaxesha, abekwe kufuphi nesangqa se-polar, kwaye ke ngoko ajongana nemozulu ebandayo kunye nehlobo elipholileyo kunye nobusika obupholileyo kunye nobusika obunzima, apho ukulahleka komswakama kuphezulu kakhulu kwaye iintlobo kufuneka zilungelelanise.
- Ihlathi leMeditera okanye i-durissilva. Njengoko igama laso libonisa, ezi zityalo zisuka kwimozulu yeMeditera eqhelekileyo, enemvula eninzi yasentwasahlobo ezondla imithi kunye nezihlahlana kwimozulu yehlobo elomileyo, ikwindla eshushu kunye nobusika obupholileyo, ukondla izityalo. Bahlala bekwintshona yelizwekazi.
- IiMangrove. Izityalo ezidityanisiweyo zeentlobo zezityalo ezixhathisa kakhulu kwityuwa namanzi, zininzi kwiindawo ezinamaza aphakathi kwamaza okanye amachweba ommandla wetropikhi okanye wetropiki weplanethi. Zibonisa intlupheko enkulu yebhayoloji kunye ne-amphibian.
iimpawu zezilwanyana
Izilwanyana ezihlala kumahlathi abandayo: Izilwanyana ezihlala kumahlathi abandayo zibonakala ngokuba noboya obushinyeneyo obunamanqatha angqindilili ukuzigcina zishushu kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.
Izilwanyana ezihlala kumahlathi ashinyeneyo: Izilwanyana ezihlala kumahlathi ashinyeneyo abanabo uboya obutyebe ngolo hloboNgokuchaseneyo noko, kuba kula mahlathi kukho imozulu efumileyo neshushu.
Izilwanyana ezihlala kumahlathi ashinyeneyo: Izilwanyana zamahlathi ashinyeneyo zinokukhwela kwimithi emide, nto leyo eluphawu lwale nkqubo yendalo. Ngokubanzi, izilwanyana zamahlathi ziqhelana notshintsho kunye neempawu ze-ecosystem nganye ezihlala kuyo.
Ukutya
Njengoko kunye neempawu, indlela ezondla ngayo izilwanyana zamahlathi ziya kuxhomekeka kwi-biome eziphuma kuyo, njengoko zinjalo kuxhomekeke kwimozulu, iintyatyambo kunye nezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana ezihlala kuyo.
Umzekelo, iibhere ezihlala emahlathini ezinamaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu kunye nobusika obunzima kakhulu zidla ngokuzingela kwaye zitye kangangoko ngamanye amaxesha onyaka ukuze zingene kwisigaba sokufukama, apho ziya kulala ebusika, ke musa ukumosha amandla akho. .
Ezinye izilwanyana zikhetha ukufudukela kumahlathi afanayo ukutya ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lobusika obubandayo. Kwelinye icala, kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni na lwehlathi, zonke izilwanyana zenza iindlela zokuphila kulo, ezinjengokuzingela, ukuloba okanye ukuqokelela.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo zehlathi kunye neempawu zazo.