Ukuthintela ukukhutshwa okungcolileyo okungafunekiyo emoyeni, kusetyenziswa izithuthi zikawonkewonke. Endaweni yokujikeleza izithuthi ezingama-50 endleleni, isithuthi esinye esikhupha iigesi sinokulingana abantu abangama-50 (kwimeko yebhasi) nangaphezulu kwabantu abangama-500 ngololiwe. Ke ngoko, khuthaza izithuthi zikawonkewonke sisixhobo sobuso kumlo wokulwa nobushushu behlabathi.
Ziya kukhuthazwa njani izithuthi zikawonkewonke?
Ungcoliseko kunye nezithuthi zikawonkewonke
Ezothutho Ngunobangela wama-25% ezinto ezikhutshwayo ezikhuthaza ukutsha kwegesi (ngokubanzi ukusuka kwi-CO2). Ke ngoko, ukukhuthaza izithuthi zikawonke-wonke ukunciphisa inani lezithuthi ezisasazwayo kuya kusinceda siphephe ukuqhubela phambili kobushushu behlabathi.
Umbutho wabaSebenzi boThutho oluHlanganelweyo lwezoThutho (i-ATUC) uqinisekisa ukuba ngokuphuculwa kokukhula kwezithuthi zikawonke-wonke kunokwenzeka ukuba kudlule ukuya kubasebenzisi bemihla ngemihla abazizigidi eziyi-7,5 ukusuka kwisigidi sangoku se-4,5 sezigidi, eya kuthi ivumele ukuhamba okuzinzileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 abasebenzisa izithuthi zabo endaweni yezithuthi zikawonke-wonke, ukungcolisa ukukhutshwa, iingxaki zempilo kunye nongcoliseko lomoya lonyuka ngakumbi.
Isiteyitimenti somahluko wokonyuka kwezothutho sisekwe kuphononongo olubizwa ngokuba 'kukuCacisa uMhambi-ongalunganga' olwenziwe ngo-2016 yi-ATUC kwisiVumelwano seNkqubo-sikhokelo kunye neZiko lokuDityaniswa kwaMandla kunye nokuGcina (IDAE). Olu phononongo luhlalutya kwaye lujolise ekukhuthazeni utyalo-mali kwizibonelelo zothutho lukawonkewonke emva kweminyaka ethile yolungelelwaniso lohlahlo-lwabiwo mali.
Umthetho woThutho loLuntu eSpain
Ukuze isifundo sibophele kwaye umxholo waso usetyenziswe, kubalulekile ukwenza umthetho ohlanganisa yonke imiba. Kule meko, i-ATUC ithi Ukuphuhliswa koMthetho wezezimali zezoThutho loLuntu eSpain kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba kuphela kwelizwe kwi-European Union elingenalo olu hlobo lomthetho wenqanaba likarhulumente ngalo mbandela.
Ngomthetho onyanzelisa isikhokelo ekufuneka urhulumente enze ngaso imali ngezithuthi zikawonke-wonke, imali ingabelwa ukudala iziseko zophuhliso ezidolophini eziququzelela ukwakhiwa kwemizila kwaye zenze ukuba iindawo zothutho lukawonkewonke zonyuse izithuthi zazo kwaye ziphucule ubuchwepheshe bayo.
Enye into ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ekuphuculeni izithuthi zikawonke-wonke kukunyuka kweebhasi ezihlanganisiweyo okanye zombane. Ukukhuthaza uthutho olungcolisi-zero kubalulekile ekuqhubekekeni ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa okungcolisayo kunye nokuhambisa ngokuthe ngqo izithuthi zaseSpain ukuya kutshintsho lwamandla ngokusekwe kuhlaziyo.
Kwelinye icala, uMququzeleli wase-Spain woLuntu, uLuntu noQeqesho oluZinzileyo, oluyinxalenye ye-Ecologistas en Acción, uthumele ileta kwiCandelo eliPhezulu lokuHamba kunye nokuThutha kweKhomishini yaseYurophu (DG MOVE) malunga nemeko kaloliwe eSpain, kunye nobudlelwane bayo nePortugal kunye nayo yonke i-EU.
Kule meko kukho ukungalingani kutyalo-mali, kuba kwi "All AVE" I-70% ityalwe kuwo wonke umgaqo kaloliwe, kuphela yi-30% eyabelwe yona. Ukuphelisa le meko, uMququzeleli ufuna ukuba i-European Union iphuhlise amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye nokukhuthaza utyalomali kuloliwe.
Nciphisa ungcoliseko
Ngo-Novemba ophelileyo ngo-2017, iKhomishini yaseYurophu (i-EC) yazisa isindululo somthetho esimisela imida engqongqo ekungcoleni ukukhutshwa kwezithuthi ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zesiVumelwano saseParis.
Esi sicwangciso kufuneka sithethathethane nePalamente kunye neBhunga laseYurophu ukuze kufezekiswe ezi njongo zichazwe kwisivumelwano seParis ukunciphisa ukunciphisa ukungcolisa ngama-40% ngowama-2030.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokwe "akhawunti zokukhutshwa komoya" zeZiko lezeNkcukacha-manani leSizwe (i-INE) elipapashwe ngo-Novemba ophelileyo, ukukhutshwa kwegesi (GHG) eSpain kukhule nge-3,5% ngo-2015 xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo.
Idatha eqokelelwe yi-INE ityhila ukuba ukukhutshwa kwegesi yendlu eluhlaza kuvela kwisithuthi sabo, kufikelela kuma-71% ewonke.