I-Biomass yenye yezixhobo ezinokuphinda zisebenze kunye ikamva elikhulu kunye namandla kwilizwe lethu, kuba sineendlela ezinkulu zokuyivelisa: ezolimo, izibonelelo zamahlathi… Nangona kunjalo, sikude namanqanaba anqwenelekayo kwaye singawaxhaphazi kangangoko sinako. Ngoba? Siphi?
Ngethamsanqa, i-biomass iya isiba ninzi kwindawo yethu kwaye inekamva ethembisa kakhulu. Oku kubonakala kwidatha evela kwi-AVEBIOM Biomass Observatory, esichaza ngezantsi.
Index
IBiomass
Kodwa okokuqala siza kuchaza ukuba aqulathe ntoni la mandla ahlaziyekayo. Oko sikubiza ngokuba yi-biomass yinto yendalo okanye yemizi-mveliso esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amandla avuselelwe ivela ekusebenziseni inkqubo yokutshisa le nto inye. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-biomass iveliswa ngezinto ezivela kwizinto eziphilayo okanye kumathambo azo nakwiintsalela. Ingenziwa ngamagqabi, ubutyobo bomthi, ubutyobo, njalo njalo.
Ukuchaza ngendlela elula, ukuba umlimi ulahla intsalela yesityalo sakhe bekusoloko kuyingxaki, ukusetyenziswa kwe-biomass yindlela yokuphuma, kuba yonke le nkunkuma ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane, kwinqanaba lasekhaya okanye loshishino. Iimveliso ezivela kwi-biomass ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo zamandla zibizwa ngokuba yi-biofuels, kwaye zinokuqina (ngeenjongo zokufudumeza zombane) okanye ulwelo (i-biofuels). Okwangoku kunokwenzeka ukuba kusetyenziswe amandla avela kwi-biomass ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kubushushu nakwizityalo ezivelisa amandla ukuya kuthutho kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi.
Emva koko siza kubona iigrafu ezahlukeneyo, ezibonisa ukuvela kwe izinto ezintathu eziphambili yecandelo lamandla: amandla aqikelelweyo kwi-kW, inani lofakelo kunye namandla avelisiweyo kwi-GWh. Umthombo wedatha esetyenzisiweyo yiwebhu ekhethekileyo kwicandelo: www.musainmobi.es.
Yintoni iObservatoriobiomasa.es?
La Umbutho waseSpain woQinisekiso lwaMandla eBiomass (AVEBIOM) yenze le webhusayithi ngo-2016 ukuya ukuzisa idatha ye-biomass kunye noqikelelo kubantu abaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kunye nenjongo ephambili yokuhlanganisa, kwiqonga elifanayo, ulwazi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-biomass ye-thermal eSpain.
Enkosi kwidatha ye-AVEBIOM kunye nezo zibonelelwe yi-National Observatory ye-Biomass Boilers kunye ne-Biofuel Price Index, ukongeza kwi ukusebenzisana kweenkampani namacandelo kwicandelo le-biomass, Inokuvelisa uguquko, uthelekiso kunye nokubonelela ngedatha kunye noqikelelo.
Igrafu 1: Ukuvela kwenani lofakelo lwe-biomass eSpain
Umzekelo ocacileyo wento enkulu yale teknoloji yile ukwanda kwinani lofakelo Olu hlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo.
Idatha yamva nje efumanekayo ibonisa ukuba ngo-2015 bekukho ukufakwa okungama-160.036 eSpain. Ukwanda kwamanqaku eepesenti ezingama-25 xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo, apho inani lalingaphezulu nje kwe-127.000.
Iminyaka esi-8 eyadlulayo, bekungekho ukufakelwa kwe-10.000 kwaye ngo-2015 besele kudlulile kwi-160.000, kuyacaca ukuba indaleko kunye nokwanda kwe-biomass kwilizwe lethu Inyaniso eqinisekisiweyo kwaye ibonakala ngokucacileyo.
Iibhedi
Siyakhumbula ukuba ezi boilers zisetyenziswa njengomthombo wamandla e-biomass kunye nokudala ubushushu kumakhaya nakwizakhiwo. Zisebenzisa njengomthombo wamandla izibaso zendalo ezinje ngeepellets zomthi, imingxuma yeminquma, intsalela yehlathi, iigobolondo ze nut, njl Zikwasetyenziselwa ukufudumeza amanzi emakhaya nakwizakhiwo.
Igrafu 2: Ukuvela kwegunya le-biomass eliqikelelweyo eSpain (kW)
Iziphumo ezicacileyo zokunyuka kwenani lofakelo kukunyuka kwamandla aqikelelweyo.
Itotali yamandla efakiweyo aqikelelwa iSpain yayi 7.276.992 kW ngo-2015. Ukuthelekisa nexesha elidlulileyo, amandla afakiweyo ewonke inyuke ngama-21,7% xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka wama-2014, apho uqikelelo lwe-kW lwalungaphantsi nje kwezigidi ezi-6.
Njengoko kunokubonwa kwigrafu, ukwanda kobunzima be-biomass kule metric kukhula ukusuka indlela engagungqiyo emveni kweminyaka.
Ukukhula okunamava ngokubakho kwamandla afakiweyo xa ewonke ukusuka ngo-2008 ukuya kwidatha yokugqibela ebonelelwe ngo-2015 ibe ngama-381%, ukusuka kwi-1.510.022 kW ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-7.200.000.
Igrafu 3: Ukuvela kwamandla aveliswe eSpain (GWh)
Ukugqiba ngegrafu, siza kuhlalutya indaleko ngexesha le Iminyaka emi-8 edlulileyo yamandla aveliswe ngala mandla eSpain.
Njengamatriki amabini angaphambili, ukukhula kuhlala kungaphaya kweminyaka kungoku 2015, nge-12.570 GWh, unyaka ngevolumu ephezulu ye-GWh. 20,24% ngaphezulu kunango-2014. Ukwanda kwamandla okuveliswa yi-biomass ukusukela ngo-2008 bekuyi-318%.
Ukudityaniswa kwebiomass phakathi kwemithombo yamandla engundoqo yelizwe lethu kuyaqhubeka nezifundo zayo rhoqo. Ukubona ngokucacileyo ngendaleko yayo elungileyo jonga nje idatha ka-2008.
Ngelo xesha bekukho ukufakwa okungama-9.556 okuvelise amandla aqikelelweyo e-3.002,3 GWh ngamandla aqikelelwa kwi-1.510.022 Kw kwaye ngo-2015, okokugqibela idatha ekhoyo, inyukile yaya kwi-12.570 GWh yamandla avelisiweyo, ukufakwa okungama-160.036 kunye ne-7.276.992 Kw yamandla aqikelelweyo.
Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula