Imithombo yamandla engavuselelekiyo

ukumoshwa komoya

Kwiplanethi yethu sinemithombo emibini yamandla ngokokusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokukhutshwa kwayo. Kwelinye icala, sinayo Imithombo yamandla engavuselelekiyo ezo ke zifumaneka kwindalo ngendlela encinci. Ayinakho ukwenziwa ngokutsha kwaye bayayenza kancinci kancinci ngokunxulumene nexesha lokuphila kwabantu. Umzekelo, sinengqokelela yekhabhoni enokuthatha ngaphezulu kwesigidi se-500 seminyaka ukuphinda ivele. Kwelinye icala, sinamandla ahlaziyekayo. Imalunga namandla acocekileyo kwaye alinganiselweyo angangcolisiyo kodwa ukuba bekukho namhlanje kuninzi ekufuneka kuphuculwe.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga nemithombo yamandla engaphinda ihlaziyeke, iimpawu zazo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo.

Imithombo yamandla engavuselelekiyo

Ukukhutshwa kweegesi zegreenhouse

Zimbini iintlobo zamandla angahlaziyekiyo: amandla aqhelekileyo kunye namandla angaqhelekanga. Amandla aqhelekileyo angahlaziyekiyo agubungela konke Imithombo yamandla efosili, enjengeoyile, igesi yendalo kunye namalahle, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimithombo yamandla ehlabathini.

Ezi ntlobo zemithombo zihlala zisasazwa kwiplanethi yonke kwaye zivelisa amandla amaninzi ngeyunithi yexesha, ngaphandle kokulibala ukuba zezona ziqhubayo ngamandla emizi-mveliso ukusukela oko kwaveliswa umphunga wenjini.

Wonke umntu uyazi iingxaki zokusingqongileyo ezibangelwe ngala mandla, ezinje ngeziphumo zokukhulisa ubushushu, ukwanda kweqondo lobushushu kunye nezinye iziphumo. Kungenxa yoko le nto sisebenza nzima yonke imihla ukuyeka ukusebenzisa la mandla kunye nokutshintsha amandla ahlaziyekayo.

Njengemithombo yamandla engavuselelekiyo nengahambelaniyo, sinokuyifumana ezo zivela kwii-biofuels, i-agrofuels okanye i-fuels ezilinywayos kunye nenyukliya enje nge-uranium kunye ne-plutonium.

Ifosili yeefuweli

ioyile njengemithombo yamandla engavuselelekiyo

Siza kuchaza eyona mithombo iphambili yeoyile yeefossil, iimpawu zazo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo.

Amalahle: Amalahle yinxalenye yezibaso kwaye ayingomthombo wamandla angahlaziyekiyo. It is a organic mineral kwaye kukholelwa ukuba uninzi lwelahle Yasekwa phakathi kweminyaka engama-280 nama-345 ezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Ngokwe-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Wezemveliso, Amandla kunye noKhenketho eSpain, ukusetyenziswa kolu hlobo lwamandla ngo-2016 kwakuyi-10.442 KTEP, ekwindawo yesine kweminye imithombo yamandla.

I-oyile: I-oyile ngowona mthombo wamandla kunye nenxalenye yeefosili kuba ifunyenwe kumhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba kumaleko aphezulu omhlaba. Njengawo onke amafutha eefosili, ngumthombo wamandla ongenakuphinda usebenze kwaye usetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengezinto ezibonakalayo kwimveliso yeeplastikhi kunye nezinye izinto ezivela kuyo. E-Spain, amandla asetyenzisiweyo avela kulo mandla yi-54.633 KTEP, elona gunya lisetyenziswayo xa kuthelekiswa neminye imithombo yamandla.

Irhasi yendalo: Irhasi yendalo yeyesibini ukusetyenziswa kwamandla eSpain ngo-2016, Ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwe25035 KTEP. Ngumxube weehydrocarbon ezikhutshwe kwiidipozithi ezinokuthi zikufutshane ne-oyile okanye idipozithi yamalahle. La mandla kufuneka enziwe ngaphambi kokuba asetyenziselwe iinjongo zasekhaya okanye zorhwebo, kwaye inezicelo ezininzi kwishishini, emakhaya, okanye kwezothutho, ezinje ngokuveliswa kwamandla.

Ii-biofuels kunye nee-agrofuels

Imithombo yamandla engavuselelekiyo

Ii-biofuels ngamandla afumaneka kumxube wezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo. Ifunyanwa kwiintlobo zezolimo ezifana necassava, umbona, iimbotyi zesoya, ujongilanga, imithi yesundu kwaneentlobo zehlathi ezifana nepine okanye i-eucalyptus.

Ii-biofuels eziphambili yi-bioethanol kunye ne-biodiesel. E-Spain, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwe-biomass, i-biofuels kunye nenkunkuma ehlaziyekayo yayiyi-6688 KTEP ngo-2016, ikwindawo yesithandathu kweminye imithombo yamandla.

Imithombo yamandla engavuselelekiyo: amandla enyukliya

Nangona kukho umahluko omkhulu kumandla enyukliya ngokubhekisele kwamanye amandla angahlaziyekiyo. Kwaye kukuba olu hlobo lwamandla aluvelisi ukukhutshwa kweegreenhouse gases ngexesha lokuveliswa kwalo, kodwa lwenza inani elikhulu lenkunkuma enobungozi enemisebe ekunzima ukuyinyanga. Kufuneka kongezwe ukuba inkunkuma ethe iphela ingcolisa okusingqongileyo kwaye ifuthe elibi emhlabeni, emanzini nasemoyeni.

Amandla enyukliya ngamandla aveliswa kukubola kweeathom zeuranium. La mandla obushushu ashushu abilisa amanzi afunyenwe kwizixhobo zenyukliya kwaye aguqulwa abe ngumbane ngoomatshini bomoya.

I-Uranium sisimbiwa esinomda esifunyenwe kwindalo, sisenza ukuba sibe sisibonelelo esingavuselelekiyo. E-Spain, ngokwengxelo yoMphathiswa Wezamashishini, Amandla Nokhenketho, la mandla asebenzisa i-15.260 KTEP yamandla, ikwindawo yesithathu phakathi kweminye imithombo yamandla.

Xa sijonga emva kwimithombo yamandla engavuselelekiyo, siyaqonda ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kusengaphaya kwengcinga yethu. Inyaniso yokumamela rhoqo iindaba malunga namandla ahlaziyekayo kunokusenza sicinge ukuba sizalisekisile ukuzibophelela kwethu kwindalo esingqongileyo, kodwa akunjalo.

Izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga

Kufuneka sazi ukuba imithombo yamandla engavuselelekiyo inezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga. Ayizizo zonke izinto ezinokuba mnyama okanye zimhlophe xa kuziwa kumandla. Okokuqala, qaphela ukuba zeziphi izibonelelo. Masidwelise:

  • Ukufumaneka kwamafutha kunye namalahle kulungile.
  • Iitekhnoloji ezisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa le mithombo yamandla zikwaphuhliswe kakuhle.

Ezi zinto zimbini, phakathi kwezinye ezimbalwa, zezona zenza amandla angenakuphikiswa njengexabiso elikhuphisanayo njengokuba kunjalo namhlanje. Ukutshintshela kwimpucuko exhaswa yimithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo kuya kufuna utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela esisebenzisa ngayo namandla.

Ngoku siza kuhlalutya ukuba zeziphi iziphene kwimithombo yamandla engavuselelekiyo:

  • Xa imithombo yamandla engavuselelekiyo inyamalala, azinakutshintshwa okanye zivuselelwe.
  • Ukutsalwa kwamandla angavuselelekiyo kunye neemveliso abazishiya ngasemva zibangela ukonakaliswa kwendalo. Alithandabuzeki elokuba izibaso zefossil zinegalelo kufudumo lwehlabathi.
  • Xa amafutha e-fossil etshiswa, i-nitrous oxides ibangela ungcoliseko lwe-photochemical, Isalfure dioxide yenza imvula eneasidi kwaye iigesi zegreenhouse zikhutshwa.
  • Eyona nto iphambili kumandla angavuselelekiyo ngumceli mngeni wokwaphula umkhwa wokuthembela kuwo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nemithombo yamandla engavuselelekiyo kunye neempawu zazo.


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