Iiplastiki zizinto ezingcolisa indalo kakhulu namhlanje. Banikwa ngamanani amakhulu kwaye banokusetyenziswa okwahlukeneyo. Abantu bayazi ngokubaluleka kokukhathalela okusingqongileyo, kodwa abonelanga. Ngale njongo yokukhusela indalo, umbono ka Iiplastiki ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane. Ezi plastiki zinokuba sisisombululo kwingxaki enkulu yokungcoliseka yile nto. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukwazi kakuhle ukuba zithini na izithintelo zabo kwaye kutheni kungelula kangako ukuseka ezi plastiki kuzo zonke izikhongozeli ezisehlabathini.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu kunye nokubaluleka kweeplastiki ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane.
Zithini iiplastiki ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane
Into yokuqala yazo zonke kukwazi igama elithetha ukuba yintsholongwane. Ukwahlukana kwebhayoloji sisihloko sokubola ekuthi ngaso ezinye iimveliso kunye nezinto zichithe umbulelo kwizenzo zezinto ezithile zebhayoloji. Phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo ezinokuthotywa izixhobo sinentsholongwane, ifungi, ulwelwe, izinambuzane, njl. Ngokwesiqhelo ezi zinto ziphilayo zisebenzisa izinto ukwenza amandla kunye nezinye izinto ezifana nezicwili, izinto eziphilayo kunye neeamino acid. Lo nto iplastiki inokukwazi ukuguqula iimeko ezithile zokukhanya, ukufuma, ubushushu, ioksijini, kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane nazo, njl. Ethandekayo ukuze yenzeke ngexesha elifutshane.
Kwaye alukho uhlobo lweplastiki olunokuthotywa lodwa kodwa luthathe ixesha elide, kuba ekugqibeleni siya kuba nengxaki efanayo yokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma. Singatsho ukuba yimveliso enokutsha enokuboliswa ziintsholongwane xa inokuchithwa sisenzo sendalo kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kwindalo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuchasana kwezinto eziphilayo ngokuxhomekeke kubukho okanye ukungabikho kweoksijini. Kwisandle esinye, sine-aerobic biodegradation eyenzeka apho kukho ioksijini emoyeni ovulekileyo. Kwelinye icala, sine-anaerobic biodegradation eyenzeka kwiindawo ezingenayo ioksijini. Kweyesibini, i-biogas iveliswa, eyigesi yendlu eluhlaza ekhulisa ubushushu behlabathi, kodwa inokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amandla.
Biodegradability kunye ne-ecology
Biodegradability ihlala inxulumene nendalo kunye nomonakalo oveliswa ziiplastiki kwindalo. Siyazi ukuba iiplastiki zithatha amakhulu eminyaka ukubola kwaye kuxhomekeke kubume bazo. Ukwakheka kunye nokubola kwexesha yinto ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuze kufunyaniswe isidanga se-biodegradability. Siyabona ukuba ixolo lebhanana lithatha kuphela malunga neentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-10 ukuthotywa. Eli phepha liza kuthatha malunga neenyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5, kuxhomekeka kubume kunye nokwakheka kwalo. Ezi mveliso zilula kakhulu ukuthoba umgangatho kunepakethe ebandakanya iplastiki kunye nephepha nangona iplastiki inokuboliswa ziintsholongwane.
Singatsho ukuba iiplastiki ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane zezi zenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ezingavuselelwa ngokupheleleyo. Ezi zinto zivelisiweyo yingqolowa, umbona, isitatshi, iitapile, iibhanana, ioyile yeembotyi zesoya okanye icassava. Inikwe indlela yemveliso ngokwayo, Iiplastiki zihlukaniswe ziintsholongwane. Oku kuthetha ukuba inokuphinda ibuyiselwe kumjikelo wendalo ngohlobo lwezichumisi eziphilayo eziluncedo emhlabeni. Asifumani kuphela izinto ezingangcolisiyo, kodwa ziluncedo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ixesha lokuthotywa liphantsi kakhulu kuneeplastiki eziqhelekileyo.
Iingxaki ngeeplastikhi ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane
Nangona konke oku kubonakala kukuhle kakhulu kwaye kuyisisombululo kuzo zonke iingxaki, oku akunjalo. Nangona kusetyenziswa izinto zendalo ezingasetyenziselwa ukufunxwa ngendalo, iiplastikhi ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane zibangela iingxaki. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezi ngxaki:
- Ukuphawulwa kwezi plastiki ayichazi ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunokunciphisa ungcoliseko kwimilambo nakwiilwandle. Kwaye imeko kukuba ezi plastiki zifuna ukubola ngokupheleleyo zinokwenzeka kwiilwandle nakwiilwandlekazi. Oko kukuthi, ukuba baphelela kwezi ndawo, banokuthatha iinkulungwane ukubola kuba ii-microorganisms ezijongene nokubola azifumani oksijini yaneleyo yokwenza umsebenzi wazo.
- Nangona kuthatha ixesha elincinci ukuthoba kwi iimeko zendalo zinokuthatha iminyaka emi-3. Umzekelo, ukuba sihlalutya ukubola kwamanabukeni aqhelekileyo siyabona ukuba kuthatha iminyaka engama-350 ukwehlisa isidima, ngelixa ezo zenziwe ngeplastikhi enokuboliswa ziintsholongwane zingathatha phakathi kweminyaka emi-3-6.
- Xa kuziwa ekurisayikelweni kwakhona kunokuba yingxaki. Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona kuyinto enzima kakhulu. Kwaye ukuba ibe yintsholongwane ayinako ukudityaniswa neeplastiki eziqhelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba isicwangciso esahlukileyo sokurisayikilisha siyafuneka kwezi mveliso.
- Kuya kufuneka sazi ukuba imveliso yeeplastiki ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane ziveliswa kukutya. Oku kuthetha ukuba nangona zinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane ngexesha elifutshane, indawo enkulu yomhlaba iyafuneka ukuze ikwazi ukuzikhulisa zonke iimveliso ezizenzileyo. Ukongeza, isichumisi kunye namanzi ziyafuneka kulimo, ezinokunyusa ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithileyo kunye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kwindalo.
- Iimeko ezithile: Ezi ziimeko ezifunekayo, njengoko kunjalo nakwizityalo zokwenza umgquba. Kunzima ukugcina le miba kwimveliso enkulu yeplastiki.
- Ukwandiswa kwemithombo evuselelekayo akukunciphisi ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali eziyingozi okanye izongezo ukuze babenakho ukuthungwa kunye nokusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo.
Iindidi
Okokugqibela, siza kubona ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeeplastiki ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane ezikhoyo:
- Bioplastics: zezo zifunyanwa kwizixhobo ezingavuseleleki.
- Iiplastiki zenziwe ngezongezo ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane: Olu luhlobo lweeplastikhi ezingakhange ziveliswe njengezinto ezinokuphinda zenziwe ngokutsha zizonke, kodwa zikwaqulathe iikhompawundi ezithile ezenziwa ziipetrochemicals eziphucula i-biodegradation yazo.
Eminye imizekelo yokusebenziseka kwezi ntlobo zeeplastiki zinokubakho yile ilandelayo:
- Ukurhangqa: zenziwe ngeplastikhi ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukupakisha ukutya. Kuthatha ixesha elincinci kakhulu ukophula iplastiki yendabuko kwaye kunceda ukunciphisa ungcoliseko.
- Icandelo lezolimo: unokuxutywa kunye nengubo yembewu kunye nesigcina-kufuma ukuvelisa isiciko somhlaba.
- Iyeza: Le yenye indlela yokwenza imveliso ethile eyenzelwe amayeza. Phakathi kwazo sinee-capsules ezinokuthotywa ezinokuthotywa ngaphakathi komzimba womntu.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga neeplastiki ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane kunye neempawu zazo.