ISpain kuya kufuneka ityale iimoto zombane ukuthobela i-EU

Utshintsho lwemozulu lubanga ukwanda kwamaqondo obushushu ehlabathi ngendlela yokuba indalo kunye nezixhobo esinazo ngoku, zingabi nakufikeleleka. Kungenxa yoko le nto kufuneka kuncitshiswe ukukhutshwa kwegesi ngokukhawuleza thintela ubushushu behlabathi ekunyukeni nge-2 degrees, njengoko uluntu lwenzululwazi luqinisekisile.

Enye indlela yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi yokushisa ngokusebenzisa izithuthi zombane. Ukuba sihlalutya eyona mithombo iphambili yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni eSpain, sifumanisa ukuba izithuthi kunye nezothutho zezona zibalulekileyo. Zingaphi izithuthi eziya kuthatha iSpain ukuhlangabezana neethagethi zedararbonisation ezifunwa yi-European Union ye-2050?

Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi

I-European Union isete iithagethi zaphakathi kwenkulungwane. Ukufezekisa ezi njongo, ISpain inyanzelekile ukunciphisa i-CO2 yayo ngokukhawuleza. Omnye wemithombo emikhulu yokukhupha izithuthi kunye nokuhamba. Kungenxa yoko, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neenjongo ezibekwe yi-EU, ISpain iya kufuna iimoto zombane ezingama-300.000 kunye nezikhululo zombane ezingama-11.000 okanye iindawo zokutshaja ngo-2020.

Eli nani linikezelwe kwingxelo ebizwa "Umfuziselo wothutho olwenziwe ngekhabhoni eSpain ngo-2050"eMadrid. Lo msebenzi ulungiselelwe ngabacebisi beMonitor Deloitte kwaye ibinoxanduva lokugxila ekuphuculeni ukuthuthwa kwabakhweli ngendlela, kubandakanya ukukhuthazwa kwezithuthi ezingcolisayo kancinci. Le yokugqibela yinto ephambili kwaye iyimfuneko ukuba iinjongo ezimiselwe yi-EU ziya kuphunyezwa, ukusukela eSpain, iimoto zombane ezingama-6.500 kuphela ezihanjiswe ngo-2015 kuma-300.000 afunekayo.

Utyalomali kunye nemarike yemoto yombane

ISpain inenani elilingana nesabelo sentengiso sentengiso yemoto yombane 0,2%, ngaphantsi kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu njengeNorway (23%) okanye iNetherlands (10%). Ukungxamiseka kokunyusa inani leemoto zombane ekuhanjisweni kuhlala kulapha ngasentla; ukugcwala kwezithuthi yeyona nto ivelisa ezona zinto zikhupha kakhulu kwaye yeyona ishiye kakhulu ngokwemiqathango yemigaqo-nkqubo yokunqunyulwa kwelanga.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, icandelo linoxanduva lwe-24% yokukhutshwa kwerhasi eSpain- malunga ne-80 yezigidi zeetoni-, ipesenti yayo uninzi, I-66% iyahambelana nokudluliselwa kwabakhweli ngendlela, ngelixa i-28% iyathengiswa. Ukufezekisa iinjongo ze-EU, iSpain kufuneka inciphise ukukhutshwa yi-80 kunye ne-90% ngokubhekisele kuleyo ye-1990.

Ukufumana inani lezithuthi zombane zijikeleza, kuya kufuneka ukuba utyale imali phakathi kwe-6.000 kunye ne-11.000 yezigidi zeerandi phakathi kwangoku ukuya ku-2030. Ngale mali, imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji zinokukhokelela kutshintsho olusuka kwezothutho olusekwe kwi-fuel fossil iye kwenye ngokusekelwe kumbane. Ekuphela kwendlela ekhoyo yokuhlangabezana neethagethi ze-EU ngo-2025 kuya kubakho phakathi kwe-1,5 kunye ne-2 yezigidi zombane eSpain. Ngo-2030 kufanele kubekho malunga nezigidi ezi-6 kwaye ngo-2040 izithuthi ezine-injini zangaphakathi zomlilo azinakuphinda zithengiswe.

Kuya kufuneka kwakhona ukukhuthaza uloliwe wombane, oya kuthi ngo-2030 abe nakho ukuhambisa iipesenti ezingama-20 zeempahla ezihamba eSpain, eziya kufuna utyalo-mali olongezelelekileyo lwe-900 yezigidi zeerandi ngonyaka kude kube ngumhla ofanayo.

Ukudibanisa zonke iimali eziyimfuneko ekuthengeni izithuthi zombane, iziseko ezingabiziyo kunye nezixhobo zophuhliso loololiwe bethutho, kuya kuba yimfuneko ukutyala phakathi kwe-15.000 kunye ne-28.000 yezigidi zeerandi ngalo nyaka.

Elona nani lincinci lezithuba zokutshajisa kufuneka libe ngama-4.000 ngo-2020, ama-45.000 ngo-2025 kunye nama-80.000 ngo-2030; Ngokuthelekisa, ngoku kukho i-1.700 kuphela kuyo yonke iJografi yaseSpain. Iimoto zombane zifunwa ngakumbi namhlanje kwaye ii-hybridi zinokusebenza njengotshintsho kwezothutho nasekujikelezeni. Nangona kunjalo, ii-hybrids zisebenzisa i-fossil fuels, ke ziya kusebenza kuphela iminyaka embalwa.