ISpain ivula kwakhona kwicandelo elinokuhlaziywa

Uhlaziyo olucocekileyo luyalitshayela ihlabathi. Ewe, ayizizo zonke izinto. Amagunya aphambili amkele ubuchwepheshe obuhlaziyekayo ukuvelisa umbane oqhutywa ziindleko eziwayo. Phakathi konyaka wama-2013 nowama-2015, amandla omoya afakiweyo akhula ngaphezulu kwama-20% eYurophu, ama-36% eAsia nama-24% eMntla Merika. ISpain, okwangoku, yajonga kwelinye icala; Kwangelo xesha linye, ikhule nge-0,07% apha, elingana nokufaka iiturbines zomoya ezisixhenxe kuphela kwiminyaka emibini. Phakathi konyaka wama-2013 nowama-2015, amandla elanga efotovoltaic anyuke ngaphezulu kwe-15% eYurophu, i-58% e-Asiya kunye ne-52% eMntla Melika. Apha kwangelo xesha linye ilanga eliqhagamshelwe kwigridi yombane likhule apha kuphela nge-0,3%.

Kutheni le nto iSpain ibisembindini wokuphinda kuhlaziyeke isithuba seminyaka emihlanu ukuba yayiyinkokeli yehlabathi kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo? Ilizwe lihlupheke kakhulu kukungxengxeka okukhulu, umxube wezithako ezininzi: indawo enkulu yamandla ahlaziyekayo kwixesha apho itekhnoloji ibingakhuli kwaye ifuna uncedo olukhulu lukarhulumente, ingxaki eye yanciphisa ngokumandla imfuno yombane; kunye nenkqubo eqeqeshwe ngaphezulu -Kukho amandla afakelweyo angaphezulu kunalawo afunwayo- ngokusekwe kumatshini wefosili oxabisekileyo kunye nofakelo. Kwiminyaka emihlanu emva kokumiswa okumiselweyo nguRhulumente we-PP, ifandesi enkulu yee-megawatts ezingama-2.000 XNUMX igqityiwe ukufakela izinto ezinokuhlaziywa. ISpain, iqhutywa zizibophelelo zaseYurophu ekufuneka izizalisile, izama ukuphuma emngxunyeni ebekuyo.

ukusetyenziswa kwamandla

UFernando Monera ugqiba iminyaka engama-70 kwinyanga ezayo. Kwaye kuthatha ngaphezulu kwe- Iminyaka engama-40 kwihlabathi elinokuhlaziywa. Uye wazimasa kwaye wathabatha inxaxheba ekuqaleni, ekunyukeni nasekuweni kwecandelo laseSpain.

Ukuqala kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo

UMonera wafika eBarajas ngo-1976 eneephaneli zelanga phantsi kwengalo yakhe. "Ndizise ipaneli yokuqala ye-photovoltaic ukungena eSpain." Likhadi lakho leshishini. Uyithengile kumgangatho wobugcisa eMelika. Ukusukela ngoko, iMonera inxulunyaniswe neli candelo ngenkampani ye-photovoltaic eyayisungula, i-Elecsol. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi, kude kube phakathi kwiminyaka yee-XNUMXs, sUmsebenzi ugxile ekufakweni kwamacwecwe kwizindlu ezizimeleyo, amashumi amawaka ezindlu kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni zaseSpain ezazingaxokelelwanga kwigridi yombane.

solar

URhulumente wasivuma isicwangciso sokuqala esihlaziyiweyo ngo-1986. Ngeli xesha, amandla ombane we-hydroelectric- ovelisa amandla ngemigxobhozo kwaye awele kudidi lokuhlaziywa- Ndandisele ndikhona eSpain. Kwaye kukho amava athile okufakelwa kwelanga kunye nomoya oxhonywe kwigridi. "Ibiziprojekthi zophando nje," ukhumbula uMonera.

Kodwa kwakungekho phakathi kwe-1994s ukuba ukukhula okuyinyani kwezi teknoloji zimbini kwenzeka. "UMidlalo wafaka ifama yakhe yokuqala yomoya ngo-XNUMX," ukhumbula uJuan Diego Díaz, umlawuli wentengiso kunye nomongameli weSpanish Wind Power Association. "Sibe nophuhliso olomeleleyo kakhulu ngeefama zokuqala zomoya ngo-1998 nango-1999", Yongeza uJosé Miguel Villarig, umongameli woMbutho weeNkampani zeMandla aVuselelekayo (APPA).

Umoya

Ukunyuka kwecandelo

“NgoSeptemba 11, 2001. Andilulibali usuku. Ngale mini ndathengisa inkampani yam kwinkampani yaseMelika ”. "Ngo-2001, babengama-300 abantu ababesebenzela le nkampani," uyakhumbula. Kwi-2001 Gamesa yaya esidlangalaleni kwaye yaqala iqhinga layo lamanye amazwe. Isicwangciso sika-2000-2010 esihlaziyiweyo besele sisebenza. "Ngo-2004, zazingama-8.000 iimegawathi zamandla omoya ezazisele zifakiwe eSpain," utshilo uVillarig, weAPPA. Oko kulingana nesinye kwisithathu samandla akhoyo ale teknoloji icocekileyo eSpain. Kwimeko yamandla omoya, ukukhula kwayo kwakugudile kwaye kulunge ngakumbi.

iifama zomoya

Uxinzelelo lwalandelwa lilanga. UVillarig uyavuma: "Yayikukhula ngokukhawuleza. "Senze into engazinzanga," wongeza u-Alberto Amores, Ukubeka iliso kwi-Deloitte iqabane elikhethekileyo kumandla. "Yayiyimpazamo kulawulo," utshilo uJosé Donoso, umlawuli weSpanish Photovoltaic Union (Unef).

Zonke zibhekisa kwinto eyenzekileyo ngo-2008 nge-photovoltaics kunye boom yeefama ezibizwa ngokuba zelanga. URhulumente wePSOE, uvule isandla ekufakweni kwezityalo. Kwaye inani leefama, ezaziziipremiyamu, lenyuka linyuka. Ngo-2007, ngokweenkcukacha ezivela kwi-Red Eléctrica de España, Kufakwe ii-megawatts ezingama-637 ze-photovoltaics. Kunyaka kamva, babengama-3.355 XNUMX; Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, amandla kwaye, ke, iipremiyamu, eziyimfuneko kubaphuhlisi ukuze bakwazi ukujongana notyalo mali, ziphindaphindwe ngesihlanu.

IsiXeko seSolar

"Iipremiyamu zazigqithisile," utshilo uJosé María Baldasano, unjingalwazi wezoBunjineli bendalo kwiPolytechnic University yaseCatalonia. Kodwa ingxaki esisiseko, yongeza le ngcali, kukuba iSpain khange ibenaso "isicwangciso sokwenyani" ukusukela ngonyaka ka-2000 ukwenza decarbonize icandelo lombane.

Ubukho beefama zomoya

Icandelo lokuwa

UMonera wayethathe umhlala-phantsi ngo-2006 kwaye, nangona wayenonxibelelwano necandeloIshiywe ngaphandle kwesiphango esabetha izinto ezivuselelekayo ukusukela ngo-2008. "Yayisisiphango esifanelekileyo," utsho u-Amores, eDeloitte. Le ngxaki yehlisa isidingo sombane, esisesamanqanaba afanayo nalawo ka-2004, ukhumbula uVillarig. Oku kuye kwagxininisa ingxaki yokuxinana kwenkqubo yombane., ekuvuselelekayo kuzo zazingajonganga uxanduva kuphela Ukususela ngo-XNUMX, u-Amores ukhumbula, iSpain yaqala ukwakha izityalo ezijikelezayo, "ikwalindele ukuba ibango liya kukhula." Ezi zizityalo ezisebenzisa irhasi ukuvelisa umbane, ethi, nangona ingangcolisi kangako kunezixhobo zombane ezisebenza ngombane, bakwakhupha i-CO2. "Imijikelezo ngoku isebenza nge-10% okanye i-12%," uvuma uAntoni Peris, umongameli weSedigas.

Isityalo sokudibanisa umjikelo odibeneyo

Isityalo sokudibanisa umjikelo odibeneyo

Ezo zityalo zakhiwe zingasetyenziswanga kwaye iipremiyamu zibe negalelo kusilelo lwamaxabiso, ngoku ejikeleze i-23.000 yezigidi. Le ntsilelo - umahluko phakathi kokufunyanwa ngabenzi bombane kunye nabasasazi ngeerhafu kunye namalungelo okuqokelela abaye bawamkela ngokwemigaqo elandelelanayo evunyiweyo kwiminyaka eli-17 eyadlulayo - yayingelilo nje ityala lokuvuselelwa. Kodwa urhulumente we-PP wasebenzisa ingxoxo yesidingo sokunciphisa ukumisela ukumiswa kwezinto ezinokuhlaziywa ngowama-2012 kunye nokusikwa kwezibonelelo.

Kunyaka ongaphambili, iSigqeba seSocialist sisebenzise ukusikwa kwepremiyamu yokuqala, ebisenzeka. "Izityalo ze-Photovoltaic zilahlekile phakathi kwe-15% kunye ne-55% yengeniso", Ubala uDonoso.

solar

Abanini beefama abaninzi bagqibela ngokubanikezela ezibhankini, ebezibaxhasa ngemali. Kwaye ukusikwa kweepremiyamu kwenza iSpain yaba lelinye lawona mazwe ehlabathini aneemfuno ezininzi phambi kwe-ICSID, umbutho wolamlo weBhanki yeHlabathi ejongene nokusombulula iingxabano phakathi kwamazwe kunye nabatyali zimali bamanye amazwe. Kungoku nje angama-27 angenisiweyo, nangona kungekho nasinye esisombululweyo okwangoku.

Kwicandelo lomoya ukunqunyanyiswa akubanga kangako, nangona iinkampani kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba zijonge phesheya. Umzekelo, iipesenti ezingama-50 zemveliso yenjini yomoya e-Gamesa ngo-2008 yayiyeyorhwebo lwasekhaya. "Namhlanje i-100% ithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe," utshilo uDíaz. Ewe ukuphulukana nomsebenzi kwakumkhulu. Icandelo lomoya laqesha abantu abangama-2008 ngo-40.000. Namhlanje zingama-22.000.

amandla omoya

Ixesha elizayo

"Ndadikwa ndabuya." Umhlala-phantsi kaMonera awuzange uhlale ixesha elide. Ekuqaleni kweshumi leminyaka waseka enye inkampani ye-photovoltaic. "Kodwa wayengasenazo iipaki zelanga." Ngoku izinikezele ekusebenziseni ngokwakho, kwiipleyiti ezinokuthi zifakwe ngabemi emakhayeni okanye iinkampani ukubavelisela umbane kunye nokulahla kwigridi kwaye uhlawule. Kodwa icandelo le-photovoltaic belisemfazweni noRhulumente we-PP isithuba seminyaka emihlanu ngalo mbandela; Bammangalela ngokubeka imiqobo, njengerhafu elangeni. Ukongeza, uRhulumente uthathe iminyaka emihlanu ukuvuma umthetho olawula ukuzisebenzisa.

Kwicandelo lomoya, iliso likwiifandesi. Ekupheleni kuka-Epreli okanye ekuqaleni kuka-Meyi, kucwangcisiwe entsha ukufaka ii-megawatts ezintsha ezinokuphinda zihlaziywe-ezinokufikelela kwi-2.000. "Kubandakanya ukuqala kwakhona kwendlela yokufaka izinto ezinokuhlaziywa," utshilo uDaniel Navia, uNobhala Welizwe Wezamandla ngubani okhumbula isidingo sokuhlangabezana neenjongo zaseYurophu. "Itekhnoloji ikhule kakhulu," utshilo uNavia: "Ngoku iindleko eziphantsi ziyamangalisa." Kakhulu kangangokuba ifandesi yokugqibela eyayibanjelwe kunyaka ophelileyo-Iimegawathi ezingama-500 zamandla omoya- yathathwa yinkampani esindululo sayo yayikukuhlawulisa kuphela oko kuthengiswa kwiivenkile ezinkuluOko kukuthi, ngaphandle kwepremiyamu. "Iindleko zokuvelisa kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo zehle ngama-60% kwicandelo lomoya." Into efanayo yenzekile nge-photovoltaics.

Ukufakwa kwe Windmill

I-40% yombane ovelisiweyo ngoku eSpain ivela kwimithombo ecocekileyo, Enkosi ikakhulu kumbane wamandla ombane kunye namandla omoya afakwe kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Kodwa ilizwe, njenge-EU iphela, kufuneka lenyuse isabelo salo samandla acocekileyo. Ngo-2050 — lonke ixesha elifutshane, ukuba umntu uthathela ingqalelo ukuba utyalo-mali kwelicandelo lucwangciselwe iminyaka engama-20/25 - konke ukuveliswa kombane kuya I-decarbonised ukuze ithobele iSivumelwano saseParis ngokuchasene notshintsho lwemozulu Ngamanye amagama, phakathi kwinkulungwane, ngekhe kwenzeke ukuvelisa umbane ngemithombo ekhupha i-CO.2. Kwaye indlela, wonke umntu uyavuma, iyahlaziywa.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya uluvo lwakho

Idilesi yakho ye email aziyi kupapashwa. ezidingekayo ziphawulwe *

*

*

  1. Uxanduva lwedatha: UMiguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Injongo yedatha: Ulawulo lwe-SPAM, ulawulo lwezimvo.
  3. Umthetho: Imvume yakho
  4. Unxibelelwano lwedatha: Idatha ayizukuhanjiswa kubantu besithathu ngaphandle koxanduva lomthetho.
  5. Ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha
  6. Amalungelo: Ngalo naliphi na ixesha unganciphisa, uphinde uphinde ucime ulwazi lwakho.