Ukusukela nge-2018, iJamani ayisayi kuphinda isebenze kwimigodi yamalahle ye-anthracite. Nangona kunjalo, le migodi ishiyiweyo iya kunikwa ubomi obutsha ukuze iqhubeke negalelo kuphuhliso lwamandla ahlaziyekayo elizweni. A) Ewe, umgodi wamalahle oneminyaka engama-50 obekwe kwizitya zemigodi yaseNyakatho yeRhine ngoku uza kuguqulwa ube sisikhululo samandla ombane yokumpompa i-200 MW eza kugcina amandla agqithisileyo avela elangeni nasemphefumlweni, kwaye iya kuvelisa umbane xa kungekho moya nalanga.
Isityalo esitsha siza kukwazi ukuvelisa i-200MW yamandla, sikwazi ukuxhasa ukuya kuthi ga kumakhaya angama-400.000, kwaye iyakwenza njalo ngenxa yomxube weetekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kumka kombane. Ukwenza oku, iiphaneli zelanga kunye neefestile zomoya ziya kufakelwa ukusebenzisa amandla omoya kunye nelanga. Nangona isityalo siza kuba nesicwangciso B sokuba le mithombo mibini yamandla isilele: sebenzisa iipaseji zemigodi ukumilisela amanzi, ukuyiqhuba ngoomatshini bokwenza umbane. Ukongeza, isityalo siza kugcina amandla agqithisileyo.
Xa kufanelekile, abaqhubi banokuyazisa amanzi ukusuka kubude beemitha ezili-1.200 eziza kuqala oomatshini bomoya abagunyazisiweyo ukuthatha enye indlela ukuba eminye imithombo yamandla ayifumaneki. Inkqubo yemigodi ineekhilomitha ezingama-26 zegalari.
Ngokuka-Bloomberg, inyathelo liya kuvumela ukuvuselela ingingqi ebiphila ngamafutha ezinyoni kule minyaka ingamashumi idlulileyo kwaye akukhutshelwa ngaphandle ukuba eminye imigodi kulo mmandla ihlupheka ngokufanayo kuba indawo ifuna ukunyusa inani layo yamandla ahlaziyekayo ukuze bafikelele kwi-30% ngo-2025.
Ummandla oza kufakelwa kuwo lo mthombo wamandla uvelisa isithathu semfuno zelizwe kwaye uninzi lwayo luvela kwizityalo zamandla ashushu ezisebenzisa amalahle ukuvelisa amandla. Ke ngoko, kunye nokuqhubeka notshintsho lwayo ukuya kwimodeli yamandla azinzileyo kwaye ngokuhlonipha okusingqongileyo, ilizwe lamkele amanyathelo afana nokuguqula umgodi ube sisityalo esiphehla amandla ngokutsha.
E-Europe asizukufikelela kwi-100% yemodeli enokuphinda ihlaziywe, kodwa kukho ilizwe elithile kwilizwe esele belonwabele.
ICosta Rica ivelisa phantse i-100% yamandla anokuphinda ayisebenzise
Kunyaka wesibini ngokulandelelana, i-98% yamandla asetyenzisiweyo ICosta Rica ivela kwimithombo enokuhlaziywa. Ngokwedatha evela kurhulumente weCosta Rican Electricity Institute (ICE) ibonakalisa ukuba ngo-2016 yafikelela kuma-98.2% yamandla ahlaziyekayo, kwiintlobo ezintlanu zamandla acocekileyo: Isityalo samandla ombane we-hydroelectric (74.39%), amandla ombane (12.43%), izityalo zamandla omoya (10.65%), i-biomass (0.73%) kunye neepaneli zelanga (0.01%).
isikhululo samandla ombane
Ngengxelo evela kwi-ICE, kwaxelwa ukuba iNational Electric System yongeze iintsuku ezingama-271 ze-100% kwimveliso yombane ehlaziyiweyo ngo-2016 kunye Kunyaka wesibini ngokulandelelana idlulile i-98% yesizukulwana ngemithombo emihlanu ecocekileyo kwingqokelela yonyaka. Lilonke, ukuveliswa kombane kwili-10778 iiyure zegigawatt (GWh).
Ukuba ngu Nge-17 kaJuni yayilusuku lokugqibela luka-2016 apho kwakuyimfuneko ukubhenela kwisizukulwana eshushu ngezibaso zefosili kwaye olo suku lumele i-0.27% yemveliso yesizwe yombane.
El Niño into
I-ICE yaqaqambisa ukuba ngaphandle kwento yokuba u-2015 ibingunyaka apho imeko ye-El Niño ibikhona, ebangela ukunqongophala kwemvula, kunye ukuba kuninzi ka-2016 bekukho imvula ephantsi, umthamo wamanzi ogcino lwamadama avunyelweyo ukuvelisa okucocekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, iCosta Rica yaxhamla ekungeneni kokusebenza kulo nyaka kwisityalo se-hydroelectric kuMlambo iReventazón, okwiphondo laseLimon (eCaribbean), kunye cithathwa njengeyona inkulu kuMbindi Merika, ekwaziyo ukuvelisa iimegawathi ezingama-305.5, elingana nokusetyenziswa kombane kumakhaya angamawaka angama-525. Kananjalo nokwandiswa kwamadama kunye nokusetyenziswa kweminye imithombo evuselelekayo, njengamandla e-geothermal avela kwiintaba-mlilo, ilanga, umoya kunye ne-biomass.
Kwi-2017, iiprojekthi zelizwe eziza kuthi zenze ehlaziyekayo iya kuhlala izinzile. Siza kuba nezityalo zomoya ezine entsha kwaye silindele iimeko ezincomekayo zemozulu ("imilambo] ezondla izityalo zethu," utshilo uMongameli we-ICE uCarlos Obregón.