Ngelixa urhulumente waseSpain esenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuyeka ukukhula kwe-photovoltaics, i-Federal Ministry yoqoqosho kunye namandla eJamani enelanga. khangela iimodeli ezintsha zeshishini kwaye ilungisa ibhilikhwe, ingacingi ngabanini bamakhaya kodwa ngabaqeshi bayo. Into enokuxhamla malunga namakhaya azizigidi ezi-3,8.
IJamani ifunda ngeemodeli ezintsha zeshishini ukuze abaqeshi abahlala kwirente banokuthatha inxaxheba kwizibonelelo ezibonakalayo ze-photovoltaics kwaye, ke ngoko, kutshintsho lwamandla asezidolophini anamava kwaye aya kunyuka kule minyaka izayo. Ke kulo nyaka I-Intersolar iYurophu, (NgoMeyi 31 noJuni 2 eMunich), baya kulungisa lo mbandela.
Izifundo ezininzi zibonisa ukwanda okukhulu kwe-photovoltaics, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisezidolophini, kude kube ngoku azange zikwazixplot ngenxa yokunqongophala kweemeko zesakhelo kunye nemibuzo engaphendulwanga malunga nokuzuza kweemodeli zonikezelo lwamandla. Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lweemodeli zeshishini kwiiprojekthi zonikezelo lombane kubani Bahlala irente iya isomelela.
Ngokwophononongo olugunyaziswe ngu-Federal Ministry of Economy and Energy (BMWi), ukubonelelwa ngombane kubaqeshi kungandiswa kuye kumakhaya ayi-3,8 yezigidi (irente). Umbutho waseJamani woShishino lweSolar (BSW-Solar) ubala ukuba unokusetyenziswa phakathi kwezigidi ezithathu nezine zamakhaya kwizakhiwo yamakhaya neendawo zorhwebo zeeprojekthi zokubonelela ngombane kubaqeshi, kwaye kwixesha eliphakathi elijikeleze iiyure ezizigidi ezine zeekhilowathi ngonyaka zinokuveliswa ukuze zisetyenziswe kwindawo leyo. Ubungakanani ke obukhulu, ngakumbi ukusukela ngoku kuncinci okuye kwaxhatshazwa.
Kuya kuvotelwa kule ndlu yowiso-mthetho
ICandelo loMphathiswa Wezomnotho Namandla (BMWi) likufumene oku kwaye kutshanje livumile uxwebhu olunemicimbi ephambili yokukhuthaza kwezopolitiko imodeli yonikezelo umbane kubaqeshi. Inkqubo yoncedo ibona ukuba kwixesha elizayo abathengisi kunye nabathengi baya kuxhamla kwimodeli. ICandelo loMphathiswa lilungiselela umthetho oyilwayo onamanyathelo enkxaso-mali ethe ngqo aya kuvotelwa kwakulo mthetho wepalamente. Ngokutsho kwakhe, Uncediso-mali oluphakathi kwe-2,2 kunye ne-3,8 yeesenti ngeyure nganye ngeyure.
Iimodeli zonikezelo zibandakanya umbane oveliswa ngendlela eyabelweyo eluphahleni lwesakhiwo uyasetyenziswa ekuhlaleni ngokuthe ngqo kumakhaya abanini nabaqeshiweyo. Imodeli inokunceda ukunciphisa iigridi zamandla ixesha elide ukunciphisa iindleko zotshintsho lwamandla. Inika amathuba oshishino anomdla kwihlabathi elitsha nelitsha lamandla.
Kukho abadlali abaliqela ababandakanyekayo: ababoneleli bamandla, amabhunga ezixeko, abathengisi bamandla, abaqeshi, abanini kunye neenkampani ezithengisa izindlu. Iifom zentsebenziswano ziyavuma ulungelelwaniso olwahlukileyo ekufuneka lubonakalise ukusebenza kwazo. Izibonelelo zale modeli zicacile: abaqeshi kunye nabanini mhlaba baxhamla kumaxabiso ombane asezantsi, Ipropathi ihlaziyiwe kwixesha elide kwaye bonke abathathi-nxaxheba banegalelo ekunciphiseni utshintsho lwemozulu. Iinkampani zikamasipala kunye iinkampani zamandla ziyaxhamla kumfanekiso olungileyo kunye nokunyaniseka kwabathengi ngokubanika umbane xa amandla okuzenzela engonelanga.
Umbutho waseJamani weSolar Association (BSW-Solar) uneminyaka ugxininisa kwimodeli yokubonelela ngombane kubaqeshi (irente). Kungenxa yoko le nto eququzelele umsitho kwi INgqungquthela yaseYurophu ye-Intersolar, apho iingcali ziya kuxoxa ngalo mba nabachaphazelekayo kwaye zicacise, ngaphezulu kwako konke, indlela imodeli yeshishini enokusebenza ngayo kwaye onke amaqela achaphazelekayo anokuzuza njani kuyo.
Abaqokeleli basekhaya nakwimizi-mveliso
Kulo iYurophu, ebanjwa ngokudibeneyo neIntersolar, iinkqubo zokugcina zezona ziphambili. Lo nyaka uza nerekhodi elitsha lababonisi. Kwangoko kwangoko, nge-30 kunye ne-31 kaMeyi, iNkomfa yeYurophu yeYurophu ibanjiwe, ngenkqubo ebanzi yenkcazo-ntetho kunye neengxoxo-mpikiswano ezincedisayo kulo mboniso. EMunich, kuya kuxoxwa ngobuchwephesha obutsha bokugcinwa kwekhaya kunye nobungcali kunye nezihlanganisi ezinkulu. Ukongeza, amandla kunye nolawulo lwenzuzo, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yesakhelo, ikwi-ajenda.
Kulo nyaka zingama-40% iinkampani ezingaphezulu ezizakuthatha inxaxheba kulo mboniso ulindeleyo- malunga ne-270 kulindeleke ababonisi- kwaye indawo yomboniso izakukhula iyonke ibe ziimitha ezili-17.500. Ukubala abaxhasi be-accumulator eziza kuba kwi-Intersolar YurophuNgaphezulu kweenkampani ezingama-400 eziza kuthi thaca izisombululo kunye neenkonzo zazo kwicandelo lokugcina amandla.
Lithium ion iibhetri
Umxholo ophambili kulo nyaka iya kuba yinkqubela phambili kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion. Ujikelezo "Ukuveliswa kweeseli zebhetri eYurophu', Nabameli beli candelo, baya kuhlalutya ukubanakho kweYurophu, ngakumbi izigqibo zopolitiko zotshintsho lwamandla eJamani kunye nendlela eya kwi-electromobility. Kwinkcazo "Ukuveliswa kwebhetri: iNdibano" iya kuphakamisa umba wento yeetekhnoloji eziqhubekayo iiseli ze-lithium-ion zexesha elizayo kunye neepakethe zebhetri.
Kwaye kukuba utyalomali kwimigca emitsha yemveliso iphezulu kakhulu kwaye okufunwayo kukukhawulezisa imveliso kunye nokufezekisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu ukunciphisa iindleko. Enye iseshoni enikezelwe kwiiseli ze-lithium-ion «Itekhnoloji yeMveliso: Izixhobo, ukuFumaneka, ukuRisayikilisha nokuPhila». Umxholo ophambili apha iya kuba zizinto ezintsha kunye nokufumaneka kwezixhobo ezizinzileyo, kunye nokurisayikilisha kwazo.
Indima yee-supercapacitors kunye nee-flywheels zogcino lwexeshana lwamandla amatsha ahlaziyiweyo ziya kuhlaziywa kwintetho «Iitekhnoloji zoGcino-lwebhetri-Ukusukela kwixesha elifutshane ukuya kwizisombululo zonyaka». Kwiinkqubo zonikezelo lombane ezibonakaliswa yipesenti enkulu yamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokwahluka kwamaxesha onyaka, iinkqubo zokugcina "amandla kwigesi" zibonisa enye indlela enomdla.