Imali eyinkunzi evuselelekayo ijika ijonge kubukumkani baseSpain ukwenza utyalomali kumandla e-photovoltaic. Ngokungafaniyo neminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo, umvuzo wakho Kuya kuxhomekeka kwimarike endaweni yesigqibo se-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Wezamandla.
Ngelishwa, iQela elithandwayo laphula umthetho wezokhuseleko, kwaye oku kwaboyikisa abatyali mali. Ngapha koko, ibangele yima elizweni ngelanga elingaphezulu evela kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Ngethamsanqa, ukuphucuka kweemarike kunye nemvumelwano yezopolitiko yaseYurophu ekufikelelwe kuyo emva kwesiVumelwano saseParis itsala utyalo-mali eSpeyin ukuya lukhanylo kwakhona, ukungena kwakhe kumxube wamandla kugubungela i I-3% yemfuno Okwangoku
Ngenzuzo eqikelelweyo phakathi kwe-4% kunye ne-7% kwi-avareji, Inzala yemali, iibhanki, abaphuhlisi bemizi-mveliso kunye nabadlali ababambekayo baqala ukuvelisa amandla amatsha elanga.
Emva koko siza kubona ezinye zezitshixo:
Ukuncitshiswa kweendleko ze-photovoltaic yelanga
Le yeyona nto iphambili kwi ukukhulisa okukhulu ohlangabezana nale teknoloji kwihlabathi liphela. Namhlanje, iipaneli ze-photovoltaic zixabiso eliphantsi kalishumi kunakwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo.
Oku kuthetha ukuba amandla elanga e-photovoltaic sele ekhuphisana ngaphandle kwesidingo soncediso-mali njengangaphambili. Ngapha koko, isifundo sokugqibela ye-Arhente yaMandla aHlaziyiweyo yeHlabathi (IRENA) ibonisa indlela umbane oveliswe ngayo nge-photovoltaic solar yeyona nto iye yabanexabiso eliphantsi kuzo zonke iitekhnoloji ezihlaziyiweyo.
Ukwehla okubukhali kwamaxabiso kungenxa yemveliso e-China, apho i-100% yeepleyiti ziveliswa khona. Abanye abacebisi abakhethekileyo kwicandelo balumkisa ukuba kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba amaTshayina bangaqala ukubiza kakhulu Ixabiso lamacwecwe linikezwe ukuba azinalo ukhuphiswano olubalulekileyo kwihlabathi liphela.
Ilanga elininzi liyafumaneka
Enye into ethatha isigqibo xa kusenziwa ukubheja eSpain sisakhono esi sendawo esinaso, xa sinikwe ubutyebi belanga obuphezulu. Ngapha koko, lilizwe laseYurophu elinezona radiation zininzi zelanga. Ilizwe lisebenzisa eli thuba ukuxhaphaza ukhenketho. Ngelishwa, amandla ombane asetyenziswa gwenxa. Ukuba sijonga idatha, zazifakwe eSpain ekupheleni kuka-2017 I-4.675 MW yamandla e-photovoltaic, Ngelixa eJamani, amandla elanga anqabileyo kakhulu kwaye enokwandiswa okufanayo komhlaba, sele kukho ngaphezulu kwe-40.000 MW esebenzayo.
Ukuchithwa kwexesha elizayo
Enye into ebalulekileyo ekubheja kwizinto ezinokuhlaziywa linqanaba eliphezulu le- ukutshatyalaliswa ukuba i-European Union ifumene kumlo ochasene notshintsho lwemozulu kunye ne-decarbonisation.
Oku kunyanzelisa ukuphelisa ukukhutshwa ngo-2050 kwaye oku kubandakanya ukonyuka ngokugqibeleleyo kwimveliso yombane ngokusebenzisa izinto ezivuselelekayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto amazwe angamalungu esungula iifandesi ukufakela obu buchwephesha bubavumela ukuba bahlangabezane nezabelo zabo. Ukudibana Izivumelwano zaseParis ityikitywe kwi-2015, iingcali zikhomba kwi umbane kuqoqosho.
Oku kwenza abaninzi bacinge ukuba ibango lombane liya kukhula ngamandla kule minyaka izayo. Ubungqina boku kukubheja okumiselweyo ukuba uninzi lweefektri zeemoto zenzela i imoto yombane.
Ukunciphisa amaphepha kunye nokungaqiniseki okuncinci komthetho
Amandla e-Photovoltaic aqinisekisile kwifandesi yokugqibela ehlaziyiweyo ukuba angakhuphisana ngaphandle kwenkxaso-mali yoluntu. Oko kukuthi, ngamaxabiso entengiso. Ngethamsanqa kwiimali zikarhulumente, ukuxhomekeka kuLawulo kunciphile kwaye kuncinci. Nciphisa iphepha xa ufaka amaziko amatshaUkuhlonipha imigaqo-nkqubo kuya kunceda kakhulu ekutsaleni utyalomali olutsha.
I-PPA (isiVumelwano sokuThengwa kwaMandla)
Njengento entsha, sinemveliso eyaziwa njenge I-PPA (isiVumelwano sokuThengwa kwaMandla). Sisivumelwano sexesha elide phakathi komvelisi othengisa amandla ngexabiso elithile kunye nomthengi oyithengayo. Le mveliso ibalulekile, inikwe ukuba ngaphandle koncedo lukarhulumente, iibhanki kunye nemali ziyavuma ukufaka igalelo ekusebenziseni le PPA njengesibambiso, esivumela uphuhliso ngaphandle kweefandesi zamva nje kunye naluphi na uhlobo loncedo.
Njengoko kucacisiwe ngumlawuli jikelele wombutho we-photovoltaic umbutho we-UNEF, uJosé Donoso, "kukho phakathi kwe-1.000 MW kunye ne-2.000 MW ngaphandle kwe-4.000 MW enikezelwe kwifandesi ephuhliswayo ngoku kunye ne-PPA okanye ngokuthe ngqo kwixabiso lentengiso." Kukho abatyali mali abazimiseleyo ukuthatha umngcipheko wokungazinzi okubonelelwa yingeniso evela kwimarike yevenkile ethengisa izinto ezinkulu, enokuguquguquka okukhulu kakhulu.
Elinye inqaku elibalulekileyo ngumdla ohlaziyiweyo weebhanki ukuxhasa ngezimali ezi projekthi. Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko wentengiso kunye namava amabi kwixa elidlulileyo enza ukuba zibe ngaphezulu inyameko xa utofa imali. Nangona kunjalo, imithombo yeshishini ichaza ukuba kukho iibhanki zamanye amazwe ezisebenza ngakumbi kwaye ziya kulwa neSpanish.
I-melon yokuvelisa umbane ebisezandleni 'zezinto eziluncedo' ezinkulu ziya kwahlulwa ngokwanda. I-oligopoly yemveliso yaphukile. Inyaniso, Iimali zepenshini (IAllianz, amaziko oluntu aseHontario), ka mali (Cerberus, KKR, Oaktree) okanye ukusuka kwezakhelo (GIP, Brookfield) abaphambukeli bayangena kwicandelo ngokuzimisela.
