Ilizwe elincinci elingenayo ioyile eyaziwayo likwazi njani ukwehlisa ixabiso lombane, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwioyile, kunye nenkokeli kumandla ahlaziyekayo?
Kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo, i-Uruguay ifezekisile into ebonakala ngathi ayinakwenzeka, yaba lilizwe elinombane ophezulu oveliswe kumandla omoya eLatin America kwaye yenye yezona zinto ziphambili kwihlabathi liphela.
Ndiyabulela koku, ilizwe liye labunciphisa ubungozi balo kutshintsho lwemozulu kunye nembalela ekhulayo echaphazela amadama aphehla umbane.
Ngaba ioyile yexabiso eliphantsi ifika esiphelweni esivuselelekayo?
Okwangoku, ngaphezulu kwama-30% ombane kwilizwe laseMzantsi Melika luveliswa ngumoya. EBrazil, umzekelo, ipesenti ingaphezulu nje kwe-6%. Ukongeza, i-Uruguay ilindele olunye ukonyuka okubonakalayo kwiinyanga ezizayo.
Ngokwentloko ye-National Energy Directorate ye-Uruguayan Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mining, u-Olga Otegui: "Silindele ukuba kulo nyaka ukubonelelwa ngombane ovela kumandla omoya kuya kuba ngaphezulu kwe-35%"
Ngo-2017, ilizwe linqwenela ukuya kuma-38% ombane oveliswe ngumoya, oya kuthi ubekwe kufutshane nenkokheli yehlabathi iDenmark, nge-42%, ngokweedatha ezivela IBhunga laMandla oMoya leHlabathi, IBhunga laMandla oMoya leHlabathi, i-GWEC kwisifinyezo sayo ngesiNgesi.
Ngaphakathi, amanye amazwe ane ukumiliselwa ngakumbi yiPortugal, ene-23%, iSpain, i-19%, kwaye iJamani, i-15%.
Inkqubela phambili yentengiso yomoya e-Uruguay ibaluleke kakhulu, ngokuka-Tabaré Arroyo, umcebisi kumandla ahlaziyekayo e-World Wide Fund yeNdalo: «Ngo-2005 kwakungekho amandla omoya eUruguay. Ngo-2015 bekukho amandla afakelwe ngaphezulu kwe-580 MW kwaye ngo-2020 kukholelwa ukuba kuyakubakho ngaphezulu kwe-2.000 MW, ”utshilo u-Arroyo kwi-BBC Mundo.
Iimeko ezifanelekileyo zamandla omoya
I-Uruguay yakwazi njani ukwahlulahlula ngokupheleleyo amandla ayo? Ilizwe lineemeko ezintle zamandla omoya, ziyathandeka ke ezo bamangaliswa nditsho nabachwephesha ngokwabo.
"Nathi Kusothusile kuba sililizwe elinoncedo oluthe tyaba, ilizwe elisicaba. Kwaye xa amanyathelo aqala ngo-2005, besicinga ukuba ziindawo ezithile kuphela ezinokuba nesimo esihle kwezi fama zomoya. Kwelinye icala, imilinganiselo isivumele ukuba sibone ukuba sizinzile kwemilinganiselo yomoya elungileyo unyaka wonke, utshilo u-Otegui.
Isantya somoya siyahluka, ke a Iinjini yomoya isebenza ubukhulu becala ngaphantsi kwamandla asisiseko eyenzelwe yona.
Ke ngoko, esona salathisi siphambili sokusebenza kakuhle kwefama yomoya yinto yesikhundla, ubudlelwane phakathi kwamandla ivelise ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha, kwaye oko bekuya kwenzeka ukuba bekuqhubeka ngokungagungqi kumandla abizwayo.
«Ngaphandle kokungena kwiinkcukacha ezininzi zobuchwephesha, kuyaqinisekiswa ukuba iifama zomoya ezingama-50 MW eUruguay zifikelela kumandla aphakathi kwama-40% nama-50% kwiimodeli zamandla. oomatshini bomoya ezinje nge-V80, G97, V112 kunye nezinye ». Ngokwahlukileyo, iifama zomoya e-US, umzekelo, zisebenza ngo-2014 kumandla angama-34% ngo-2014, ngokweenkcukacha ezivela kwiSebe lezaMandla lase-US.
Cwangcisa iminyaka engama-25
Ngaphaya kweemeko ezilungileyo, into ebalulekileyo yayiyisicwangciso semigaqo-nkqubo yamandla seminyaka engama-25. Isicwangciso samandla sika-2005-2030 saye savunywa, njengomgaqo-nkqubo kaRhulumente, ngawo onke amaqela abezopolitiko kunye nabameli bepalamente, into engaqhelekanga, kuhlala kukho umdla ochaphazelekayo.
Isicwangciso seminyaka engama-25 samandla sibonelela ngesakhelo esizinzileyo sabatyali mali kwaye satsala iinkampani zabucala zamanye amazwe.
Ngokuka-Otegui, "Akukho nkxaso-mali ibonelelweyo", kodwa amabhidi "elubala nokhuseleko kumtyali mali".
«Baqinisekisiwe ngexabiso abalinikeleyo kwaye elo xabiso lihlengahlengiswa yiparameter ekwavunyelwana nayo. Bazi ngokugqibeleleyo ukusukela mzuzu ekunikezelweni kwezikhokelo kunye nokuba elo xabiso liza kuhlengahlengiswa njani kwaye cIzivumelwano ezinokufikelela kwiminyaka engama-20«.
Utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nembalela
Ukwahluka kwamandla kuye kwavumela iUruguay ukuba yanelise ngaphezulu kwe-90% yombane wayo ukusuka amandla ahlaziyekayo, kubandakanya umoya, umbane ophehlwa ngamanzi, i-biomass kunye namandla elanga.
I-Uruguay ifezekise enye yeenjongo ebezikho yangoku kwasekuqaleni: ukwandisa izixhobo zelizwe xa ujongene notshintsho lwemozulu.
Abantu baseUruguay boyika imbalela, ngokutsho kwamagosa ahlukeneyo: “Sasiqinisekile ukuba kufuneka sinciphise le meko yemozulu (…). Xa yayikhona imbalela enkuluSinengeniso enkulu kakhulu ye-oyile yokuvelisa i-thermal, konke oku kuye kwacuthwa ngokupheleleyo ngokudityaniswa kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo ».
Amandla omoya ngoku anokuncedisa umbane.
«I-Uruguay inamandla afakelweyo ombane we-hydroelectric we-1500 MW, osetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa ngokulawulwa yimithombo yomoya ekhoyo, ngaloo ndlela ivumela ukugcinwa amandla ombane kwaye uyisebenzise ngokufanelekileyo, ”ucacisile uMullin.
U-Otegui, kwelakhe icala, wathi ngokudityaniswa kwezinto ezivuselelekayo, i-Uruguay ifumana "ulawulo lwenkululeko kunye nokuzimela ngaphandle kokungeniswa kombane." "Sele iza iminyaka emibini ilandelelana apho bekunganyanzelekanga ukuba singenise amandla ombane."
“Ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu, imvula iza kutshintsha kwaye namaxesha onyaka aya kuba mandundu, aqhubeke rhoqo kwaye abe namandla. Yiyo loo nto ukuthembela kumandla e-hydro ngokuqinisekileyo kubheja kwi ukungazithembi kwamandla«. I-Uruguay, ngobulumko, ukubheja ngobulumko kwizinto ezinokuhlaziywa
