Oku kuchazwe ngumoya wamva nje we-EU iEurobarometer, esandula ukuthatha isitokhwe sowama-2016, unyaka apho ilizwekazi elidala lifake kuphela iimegawathi ezili-1.412 zamandla omoya elwandle (xa kuthelekiswa nangaphezulu kwama-3.000 kunyaka ophelileyo), kodwa, kwangelo xesha, kubalwa olona tyalo-mali lukhulu kwezoqoqosho olwake lwarekhodwa kunyaka omnye kunxweme lwaseYurophu18.200 yezigidi zeerandi (40% ngaphezulu kunango-2015).
I-European Union ifikelele, ukusukela nge-31 kaDisemba ngo-2016, amandla omoya aqokeleleneyo (onshore kunye nonxweme) we-153.600 megawatts (12.068 M ngaphezulu konyaka odlulileyo). IJamani yaphinda yayinjini yelizwekazi, okoko wongeze kwiakhawunti yakhe yangasese ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5.443 megawatts ezintsha. Ukusuka kubo -yazisa i-EurObserv'ER-, 824,3 zakhiwe kude nonxweme, imeko apho iJamani ikwayinkokeli kulo nyaka.
Ngasemva, Holland, eqhagamshele kwi-2016 Ipaki yeGemini MarineIsibonelelo somoya esingaselunxwemeni esenziwe nge-150 sinee-megawatt ezine (4 MW).
Le paki inamandla e-megawatts angama-600, imi kumanzi amaDatshi oLwandle loMntla. Kwakwelo lwandle linye ngu-Gode Wind 1 kunye no-Gode Wind 2, Zombini zazakhiwe malunga neekhilomitha ezingamashumi amane ukusuka kunxweme lwaseJamani. AbakwaNokia, ngasendleleni, babonelele oomatshini bomoya kwiifama zomoya ezintathu. Ngokuka-EurObserv'ER, ezi zinto zintathu zifakelwa umoya kuphela kolwandle olugqibileyo ukunxibelelana negridi yelizwekazi ngo-2016.
Ukuchaneka
I-EurObserv'ER, i-European Observatory yamandla ahlaziyekayo, ichaza kolu hlelo (Ingxelo ka-2016) ukuba ayibandakanyi kubalo lwaselwandle ukufakelwa komoya okukufuphi nonxweme, «ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zabo zibenza bafana ngakumbi neepaki zomhlaba kunamaziko abekwe kwiikhilomitha ezininzi kude nonxweme«. Uqwalaselo lwaseYurophu lunika umzekelo: UWestermeerwind, ipaki yaseDatshi yee-megawatts ezili-144 zamandla omoya oomatshini bayo abemi kanye elunxwemeni - «kufama womoya waselunxwemeni» - kwaye yayiqhagamsheleke ngokupheleleyo kwigridi kunyaka ophelileyo (2016).
Kwakukho nokucinywa
Ibhalansi ka-2016, epapashwe nje yi-European Observatory yamandla aVuselelekayo, ikwabandakanya ukunqunyulwa. Ifestile yomoya ibingumlinganiswa ophambili komnye wabo. Kwenzeka kunxweme lwasePortugal, apho le turbine yomoya ine-megawatt, ebekwe kwiqonga elidadayo, kuvavanywe iminyaka emihlanu. Injongo? Qokelela ulwazi oluya kusetyenziswa yinkampani ukucokisa isicelo sayo sokudada. Iprototype ikhutshiwe, zee-megabytes ezintlanu kule meko, eHooksiel (eJamani).
Iimbono zecandelo
Ngaphandle kwamanani ka-2016, i-EurObserv'ER yazisa ukuba I-biennium esele isikhokele (2017-2018) izakubonisa amanani abaluleke kakhulu kunalawo abhaliswe ngo-2016. Ngale ndlela, i-barometer yase-Europe icacisa njengomthombo wabaqeshi belizwekazi elidala, WindEurope, ekuya kuthi ekuqaleni kuka-2017 kungabikho ngaphantsi kwee-megabytes ezingama-4.800 24.200 kwisigaba sokwakha, ezingama-65.600 zigunyaziswe ngaphezulu kwaye zizonke zingama-2016 kwisigaba sokuyilwa. Ngokuka-WindEurope, ngokwezoqoqosho, utyalo-mali lukhule ngo-XNUMX ukuya kuthi ga kwi-18.200 yezigidi ze-euro (Iiprojekthi ezilishumi elinanye zafumana inkxaso-mali). Esi sixa siphantse sibe ngama-40% ngaphezulu kuneso sabhaliswa ngo-2015.
Eyona fama yomoya inxweme likhulu ehlabathini
Okwangoku, eyona fama inkulu yomoya iselunxwemeni iselunxwemeni lwaseKent (eNgilani). Ngaphandle kokuba yeyona paki inkulu, abaxhasi bayo baceba ukwandisa amandla ayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-870 MW kwisigaba sesibini ilinde ukuvunywa.
Emva kweminyaka emine yokwakha notyalo mali olungaphezulu kwe- 2.200 izigidi Iiyuro, ipaki yenziwe Ii-injini zomoya eziyi-175 zeVestas SWT, Oku kunabela elwandle okuhlala kwindawo emalunga ne-100 leekhilomitha kumgama weekhilomitha ezingama-20 ukusuka kunxweme lwaseKent, kumazantsi mpuma eNgilane.
Umndilili we Iikhilomitha ezili-450 iintambo zasemanzini kunye izikhululo ezibini ezingaselunxwemeni, ebeka embindini amandla aveliswa ziinjini zomoya phambi kokuyihambisa emhlabeni ngaphakathi.
Ukudibanisa iinjini zomoya
Ukulungiselela ukufakelwa kweinjini yomoya nganye elunxwemeni, kuye kwafuneka kwakhiwe umnatha rhoqo weemfumba ezilungelelaniswe neempawu ezithile zolwandle, ngobunzulu obuhluka phakathi kweemitha ezi-5 ukuya kwezingama-25 ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko. Ezi nkxaso zivumela i-injini nganye ukuba inyuswe IVestas SWT-3.6MW-120 ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lolwandle, kwaye kwelinye icala, yenza njengesiseko sokuhambisa ubunzima bayo ukuya kuthi ga I-225 itoni emhlabeni.
Inye yee-injini zomoya eziyi-175 zinobude be- 147 mitha, 90 mitha Rotor ubukhulu kunye blade ubude 58,5 mitha. Ukuthuthwa kwamandla okwenziwa nganye nganye, kukho 210 km yentambo yolwandle edibanisa itanki nganye kunye nezikhululo ezibini ezingaselunxwemeni, kwaye zona zidibanisa nokudibanisa Cleve induli kumhlaba owomileyo 4 iintambo ka 150 kV ezifikelela kwi 220 km yobude.
Ngokwengqikelelo yabakhuthazi, kwi-2012 ifama yomoya elunxwemeni eyayikho ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ibonelela malunga 1,5% yombane, kodwa nge-London Array eli nani kulindeleke ukuba lenyuke ngaphezulu kwe- 5% kuthintela ukukhutshwa kwe I-925.000 itoni yonyaka CO2.
Ukwamkelwa kwamandla omoya njengenye yezona zinto zingcolisayo kwaye zikhuselekile kwindawo yamandla aseYurophu kuqala ukudlala indima efanelekileyo kwimveliso yamandla ahlaziyekayo kwilizwe lonke. Kwimeko yomoya oselunxwemeni, amandla aveliswa ziinjini zomoya anefuthe elincinci kwi ngileyo, ayifuni ukulahla okanye ukushenxisa umhlaba, kwaye ukubekwa elunxwemeni, kunefuthe ngaphantsi kobundlobongela kwizilwanyana nezityalo xa kuthelekiswa nomoya oqhelekileyo.
Ukwanda kwexesha elizayo
I-London Array igqithile kulindelo lwefama yomoya kwi Ingxaki yeGoodbard, Iziseko zophuhliso ezikuloo ndawo inye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zibambe isihloko sesona sikhulu ifama yomoya yonxweme kwihlabathi elinomthamo ofakiweyo we I-500 MW. Kodwa akuphelelanga apho.
Ngombono wokuqhubeka nokukhokelela ugqatso olunomdla kumoya waselunxwemeni owenziwe yi-United Kingdom, abaxhasi beLondon Array ngoku bazimisele ukwandisa amandla abo ukusuka kwi-630 MW yangoku ukuya kwi 870. Eli nqanaba lesibini lilindele ukuvunywa ngabasemagunyeni abohlukeneyo, kodwa liyakudibanisa le fama yomoya njengeyona inkulu yakha yakhiwa. Kule 2017 sizakuba nayo impendulo?
Ndiyalithanda igama elithi "intsebenziswano", ngenxa yegama kunye nentsingiselo yalo, kananjalo "isetyhula yezoqoqosho", konke oku kusetyenziswa koomatshini bomoya abangaselunxwemeni ukuze bancede bachaze indawo zokuloba zokukhusela iintlobo kunye nokwenziwa kweefama zaselwandle nasemhlabeni iifama zomoya ezilungiselela umkhondo wehlathi kunye nokwabelana ngophuhliso lwemisebenzi yehlathi kwindawo zokuqala ze-1 zotyalo-mali: ulwakhiwo lokufikelela ezintabeni kwaye kwangaxeshanye kuququzelela ukufikelela kumabala okuzingela
kunye nokukhula kwayo kunye nokubulala iintaka ezingama-30 ngelitye elinye okanye nangaphezulu, ukuba kunokwenzeka. Ndiyawaqonda amabala okuzingela njengeendawo zophuhliso lweentlobo zezilwanyana zasendle kunye nophuhliso lweentlobo-ntlobo zendalo esingqongileyo, ingeniso engakumbi kunye nophuhliso lwezokhenketho lwaseYurophu kunye nokuphindaphinda abantu bethu baseSiberia.
Ukuzingela kunegalelo ekusindisweni kweentlobo zabantu, nabo banamalungelo njengezilwanyana esihlala sikho, kunye nokusinda kwemimandla yaseSpain kwindlela eya ebantwini, kwizilwanyana, "sensu strict", emthini nakwizityalo ezahlukeneyo.