Sithi umthombo wamandla uyavuseleleka, xa uvela kumthombo wendalo kwaye awuzukuphelelwa lixesha. Ukongeza, icocekile, ayingcolisi kwaye ineentlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithombo yamandla ehlaziyiweyo kwiplanethi yethu. Ngokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji, abantu bafumanise iindlela ezininzi zokusebenzisa amandla eplanethi yethu ngaphandle kokutshintshela kwi-fuel fuels kwaye baqhubeke nokujongana nefuthe lotshintsho lwemozulu. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze Amandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nengahlaziyekiyo kwaye nganye yazo ineempawu ezizodwa.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba ngawaphi amandla aphambili ahlaziyekayo kunye nengahlaziyekiyo kwihlabathi.
Amandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nengahlaziyekiyo
Izinto eziphilayo
Ezi ke zizibaso ezingamanzi okanye ezinerhasi eziveliswa kwizityalo okanye kwibhayiloji yezilwanyana. Luhlobo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo angenakuphela kwaye anokuhlangabezana neemfuno zothutho. Ngokusebenzisa la mafutha aluhlaza, sinokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwethu kwioyile kwaye sinciphise nomonakalo owenzayo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Phakathi kwee-biofuels ezibaluleke kakhulu, Sifumene i-biodiesel kunye ne-bioethanol.
IBiomass
Olunye uhlobo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo ngamandla e-biomass. Yinto yendalo esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amandla. Iqokelela iqela lezinto eziphilayo kunye ne-heterogeneity kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo zomthombo. IBiomass inokuthathwa njengomba wezinto eziphilayo oveliswa kwiinkqubo zebhayoloji inokusetyenziswa njengamandla.
Umzekelo, sifumana icandelo lezinto eziphilayo zezolimo nezamahlathi, ugutyulo lwelindle, udaka lwelindle kunye nenkunkuma eqinileyo edolophini. Zininzi iindlela zokusebenzisa amandla e-biomass.
Umoya
Ngokusisiseko, olu hlobo lwamandla lusekwe ekuqokeleleni amandla e-kinetic amandla omoya anawo kunye nokuvelisa umbane kuwo. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, Ibe ngumthombo wamandla osetyenziswa ngabantu ekuqhubeni iinqanawa ngomkhumbi, ukugaya iinkozo, okanye ukumpompa amanzi.
Namhlanje, ii-injini zomoya zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane ukusuka emoyeni. Kuxhomekeke ekubeni uvuthuza kangakanani, ungafumana ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi. Zimbini iintlobo zamandla omoya, elwandle nasemhlabeni.
Amandla ombane
Ngamandla agcinwe phantsi komphezulu womhlaba ngohlobo lobushushu. Iplanethi yethu igcwele amandla kwaye sinokuwasebenzisa la mandla ukwenza umbane. Yimveliso engaphazanyiswanga yeeyure ezingama-24, engenakuphela, engenakuphela, engenangcoliseko kwaphela.
Amandla olwandle
Iseti yetekhnoloji enokusebenzisa amandla olwandle. Kuxhomekeka kwimozulu ngalo lonke ixesha, amandla olwandle akanakunqandwa, kodwa akwasebenzisa amandla.
Amaza, amaza, amaza olwandle kunye nokwahluka kobushushu phakathi komphezulu wolwandle kunokusetyenziswa njengemithombo yamandla. Ukongeza, uncedo lwayo kukuba ayivelisi imeko esingqongileyo okanye ebonakalayo ekufuneka siyithathele ingqalelo.
Amandla e-Hydraulic
Amandla e-Hydraulic ngamandla asetyenziswa ngamandla e-kinetic emzimbeni wamanzi. Ngenxa yempophoma ebangelwe kukungalingani, amandla amanzi anokutyhala iiturbines ezivelisa umbane. Kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba olu hlobo lwamandla ahlaziyiweyo lwalukhona owona mthombo uphambili wemveliso enkulu yombane kude kube phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX.
Umsebenzi wakhe ubangelwa zizityalo zombane, ezaziwa njengoyena mthombo wamandla okusingqongileyo.
Amandla esola
Isebenzisa iiphaneli zelanga ukuguqula ngokuthe ngqo isiganeko kwimitha yelanga ibe ngamandla ombane. Enkosi kwiiseli ze-photovoltaic, imitha yelanga ewela kuzo inokonwabisa ii-electron kwaye yenze umahluko onokubakho. Iipaneli zelanga ezininzi onxibelelana nazo, mkhulu umahluko onokubakho.
Kukho ezinye iintlobo zamandla elanga ngaphandle kweefotovoltaic ezinje ngombane welanga oshushu kunye namandla elanga thermoelectric. Amandla obushushu elanga ziindidi zamandla elanga kwaye anoxanduva lokuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-thermal zolwakhiwo, ezamashishini kunye nezolimo. Oku yindlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokusebenzisa amandla elanga.
Kwelinye icala, amandla elanga thermoelectric asebenzisa iilensi okanye izibuko ezinokuthi zijolise kwimitha yelanga kwiindawo ezincinci. Le yindlela abanokufikelela ngayo kumaqondo aphezulu obushushu kwaye ngenxa yoko baguqule ubushushu bube ngumbane ngokusebenzisa ulwelo.
Amandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nengahlaziyekiyo: amafutha eefossil
Okwangoku, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezibaso zisetyenziselwa amandla. Ngamnye uneempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nemvelaphi. Nangona kunjalo, zonke zinamandla amaninzi ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo.
Nazi eziphambili:
- Ikhabhoni yezimbiwa. Ngamalahle asetyenziswa kwii-locomotives. Ngokuyintloko ikhabhoni ifumaneka kwiidipozithi ezinkulu eziphantsi komhlaba. Ukuyikhupha, imigodi yakhiwe apho izibonelelo zikhutshwa khona.
- Ioli. Ngumxube weehydrocarbon ezininzi kwinqanaba lolwelo. Yenziwe ngobunye ubumdaka obukhulu kwaye isetyenziselwa ukufumana iifutha ezahlukeneyo kunye neemveliso.
- Irhasi yendalo. Yenziwe ikakhulu yirhasi yemethane. Le gesi ihambelana neyona ndawo ilula kakhulu yeehydrocarbon. Ke ngoko, abanye abantu bathi igesi yendalo ayinalo ungcoliseko oluncinci kunye nococeko oluphezulu. Icatshulwe kumabala eoyile ngohlobo lwegesi yendalo.
- Iisanti zetar kunye neoli yeoli. Zizinto ezenziwe ziisanti zobungakanani obudongwe ziqulathe intsalela encinci yezinto eziphilayo. Lo mbumba uqukethe izinto ezibolileyo ezinesakhiwo esifana kakhulu neoyile.
- La amandla enyukliya Ikwaqwalaselwa njengohlobo lwefossil fuel. Ikhutshwa ngenxa yenyukliya ebizwa ngokuba yi-fission yenyukliya. Kukwahlula i-nuclei yeeathom ezinzima ezifana ne-uranium okanye iplutonium.
Zithathwa njengezingahlaziyekiyo kuba i-oyile ifumaneka kwimithombo yolwandle. Oku kuthetha ukuba izinto eziye zenziwa zezinto eziphilayo kwaye zigqunywe ngentlenga. Nzulu kwaye nzulu, phantsi koxinzelelo loqweqwe lomhlaba, uguqulwa ube ziihydrocarbon.
Le nkqubo ithatha izigidi zeminyaka. Ke ngoko, nangona ioyile iveliswa ngokuqhubekayo, iveliswa ngezinga elincinci kakhulu kumgangatho womntu. Yintoni egqithisile, inqanaba lokusetyenziswa kweoyile ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba umhla wokusetyenziswa kwalo ucwangcisiwe. Kwindlela yokwenziwa kweoyile, iibhaktheriya ze-aerobic zisebenza kuqala kwaye iibacteria ze-anaerobic zivela kamva, zinzulu. Ezi mpendulo zikhupha ioksijini, initrogen, nesalfure. Ezi zinto zintathu ziyinxalenye yezihlanganisi zehydrocarbon.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga namandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nengahlaziyo.