Intlupheko yamandla Iyaqhubeka ukuba yingxaki enkulu kwihlabathi liphela, ikakhulu echaphazela amazwe angaphuhliswanga kangako, nangona iindawo ezifana neSpain nazo zingakhuselekanga kule nyaniso. Esi siganeko, esinempembelelo enkulu kwabo bahlala kwiindawo ezinemozulu embi kakhulu, sinyanzela abantu ukuba basebenzise amandla, mhlawumbi ukuzikhusela kubushushu okanye ingqele. Kulo mongo, ukungakwazi ukufikelela kwimithombo yamandla ebalulekileyo kunokuba nemiphumo ebulalayo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwe-7.000 bafa ngonyaka ngenxa yentlupheko yamandla, ngakumbi kumazwe apho i-20% yamakhaya ayikwazi ukutshisa, ukupheka okanye ukukhanya ngokufanelekileyo.
Yintoni intlupheko yamandla?
I-Environmental Sciences Association (ACA) ichaza intlupheko yamandla njengemeko ejongene nemizi engenazo iinkonzo zamandla kwixabiso elincinci elifunekayo ukuze lihlawule iimfuno zabo ezisisiseko, ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuhlawula iibhili. ESpeyin, iNational Institute of Statistics (INE) ibika ukuba i-11% yeentsapho, eziguqulela malunga nezigidi ezihlanu zabantu, azikwazi ukugcina ukushisa okwaneleyo ebusika, ngelixa i-9,4% iwa ngasemva ekuhlawulweni kwetyala lombane.
Esi siganeko asidibanisi kuphela nokungabikho kokufikelela kumandla, kodwa kunye neempawu zamakhaya, ezininzi zazo zingasebenzi kakuhle kumbono wamandla. Oku kuthetha ukuba iintsapho azijongani kuphela nobunzima bezoqoqosho, kodwa amakhaya azo akwafuna isixa esikhulu samandla ukugcina amaqondo obushushu awaneleyo ehlotyeni nasebusika. 
Imiphumo yobuhlwempu bamandla kwimpilo
Intlupheko yamandla ayichaphazeli nje kuphela uqoqosho lwekhaya, kodwa ine- impembelelo ngqo kwimpilo yomzimba kunye nengqondo. Abantu abangakwaziyo ukufudumeza ngokwaneleyo amakhaya abo basengozini enkulu yokufumana izifo zokuphefumla kunye nentliziyo. Ukushisa okuphantsi kwekhaya kunokubangela i-vasoconstriction, eyandisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nesantya senhliziyo, ukwandisa amathuba okuba nesifo senhliziyo okanye isifo.
Ukongeza, izifo zokuphefumula zixhaphake kakhulu kumakhaya abandayo, njengoko amajoni omzimba abuthathaka kwezi meko. Abona bantu bachaphazelekayo badla ngokuba ngabantu abadala kunye nabantwana, ngakumbi abo banezifo esele zikho ngaphambili ezifana ne-asthma, pulmonary fibrosis okanye izifo ezingapheliyo zemiphunga (COPD). Enyanisweni, kuye kwaxelwa ukuba kwiinyanga zasebusika, izifo zokuphefumula kunye ne-cardiovascular zinyuka ngama-20%. Ngokungathi oko akwanelanga, uninzi lwala makhaya, ngenxa yokungangeni kakuhle kwawo, ajongwa kukufuma, okubangela ukungunda ezindongeni kwaye kwenze kube mandundu ngakumbi iipathologies zokuphefumla.
Imiba yengqondo enxulumene nobuhlwempu bamandla
Ubuhlwempu bamandla nawo buvelisa a uxinzelelo olukhulu lwengqondo. Ukungaqiniseki malunga nokuba uya kukwazi ukuhlawula ityala lombane elilandelayo okanye ukuba uya kukwazi ukugcina indlu yakho ifudumele kuvelisa amanqanaba aphezulu okuxhalaba kunye nokudakumba. Uphononongo olwenziwe yi-Barcelona Public Health Agency luqikelele ukuba i-10,7% yabantu abahlala kwiimeko zentlupheko yamandla babonisa iimpawu zokudakumba, ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabini umyinge wabantu bonke abaneempawu zokudakumba eSpain, eyi-4,7%.
Le meko yokuba sesichengeni ikwachaphazela nentlalo yabantu. Uninzi lwabo, ngenxa yokungakwazi ukufikelela kwizixhobo ezisisiseko, bakhetha ukuzikhetha, nto leyo eyenza mandundu ngakumbi imeko yabo yempilo yengqondo. Abasetyhini abadala, iintsapho ezinomzali omnye kunye nabafuduki ngabona maqela asemngciphekweni wobuhlwempu bamandla. Ngaphaya koko, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezoqoqosho, amakhaya amaninzi awakwazi ukufikelela kwezinye iinkonzo eziyimfuneko ezinjengokutya okusemgangathweni okanye izixhobo zesikolo zabantwana, nto leyo eyenza umjikelo okhohlakeleyo wentlupheko kunye nokungabandakanywa ekuhlaleni.
Amatyala agqithisileyo kunye nezenzo zentlalo
Umzekelo osondeleyo kule meko ngulowo kaRosa, ixhegokazi elineminyaka engama-81 ubudala elafa kumlilo owabangelwa likhandlela elalilikhanyisela. URosa wayengakwazi ukuhlawula ityala lombane yaye wayexhomekeke kumakhandlela ukuze akhanyise ikhaya lakhe. Ngelishwa, ezi ntlobo zeentlekele ziya kuqhubeka ukwenzeka nje ukuba amanyathelo asebenzayo ngokuchasene nobuhlwempu bamandla angathathwa.
Imibutho enjengomnqamlezo obomvu kunye neMessenger for Peace iye yagxeka imeko emaxongo apho kuhlala amawakawaka eentsapho. Kwi-2020, i-Red Cross yanceda ukuhlawula ngaphezu kwe-30.000 yombane, igesi kunye namanzi amatyala, inikezela ngaphezu kwe-4,3 yezigidi ze-euro ukukhusela amakhaya ukuba ashiywe ngaphandle kokufikelela kwezi nkonzo ezisisiseko. Nangona kunjalo, imeko ihlala isothusa, ngakumbi ebusika, xa ukufa okunxulumene nobuhlwempu bamandla kunyuka kakhulu.
Amanyathelo kunye nezisombululo kwintlupheko yamandla
Ukulwa nentlupheko yamandla, amanyathelo ahlukeneyo aphunyeziwe, njengaye ibhonasi yentlalo yombane, enikezelwa kwiintsapho ezisengozini okanye ezinengeniso ephantsi. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa iindleko zeendleko zombane, nangona iingcali ezininzi zivuma ukuba olu ncedo alunelanga. Ibhonasi yentlalo ayifikeleli kuzo zonke iintsapho kwaye abantu abaninzi abakwimeko engaqhelekanga ababandakanywa kulo ncedo.
Ukongezelela, iinkampani ezinkulu zombane ezifana ne-Endesa kunye ne-Iberdrola zisayine izivumelwano kunye nemibutho yoluntu kunye ne-NGOs ukukhusela abantu abasengozini kakhulu ukuba bangabikho ukunikezelwa kwabo ngexesha leenyanga zasebusika. Nangona kunjalo, ubuhlwempu bamandla buyaqhubeka kwaye bufuna isenzo sexesha elide. 
Ukuvuselelwa kwekhaya Kubalulekile ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ezindlini kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe inkcitho ekufudumezelweni nasekupholiseni. Kuqikelelwa ukuba eSpain kukho malunga nezigidi ezibini zamakhaya angafikeleliyo kubuncinci bemigangatho yokusebenza kwamandla, okuthetha ukuba ezi zakhiwo zisebenzisa amandla amaninzi ukugcina ubushushu obaneleyo. Kwinkqubo-sikhokelo yeVeki yaseYurophu yokuchasana nobuhlwempu baMandla, kuqikelelwa ukuba ngaphezu kwe-13.000 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuro kuya kufuneka nje ukuvuselela ezi zakhiwo. Ngexesha elide, lo mlinganiso awuyi kuba negalelo kuphela ekulweni nobuhlwempu bamandla, kodwa nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2, ngokunciphisa imfuno yamandla.
Kukwabalulekile ukukhawulezisa inguqu ukuya amandla ahlaziyekayo. Ukuzisebenzisa okwabelwana ngazo kunye nolawulo lwamandla yenye indlela esebenzayo, njengoko ivumela amakhaya ukuba azenzele amandla awo kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo, efana nelanga, nto leyo eya kunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwiinkampani zombane kunye namatyala aphantsi.
Isidingo sotshintsho lwesakhiwo
Imibutho efana neSpanish Society of Epidemiology igxininise ukuba iinkonzo zamandla akufanele ziqondwe njengempahla, kodwa njengento esisiseko sobomi, impilo kunye nentlalontle yabantu. Intlupheko yamandla ayiyongxaki yezoqoqosho kuphela, kodwa lilungelo lomntu elisisiseko ekufuneka liqinisekiswe ngoorhulumente. Njengoko kuye kwangqinwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iingxaki zoqoqosho, ezentlalo kunye nemozulu ziye zayenza mandundu le meko. Ngoko ke, onke amanyathelo okwakheka athathiweyo kufuneka ajolise ekuqinisekiseni ufikelelo jikelele kumandla ngendlela ezinzileyo nefanelekileyo.
Kufuneka kwenziwe isicwangciso soqeqesho ukuchonga nokujongana neemeko zentlupheko yamandla, okubandakanya amaziko ezempilo, iinkonzo zentlalontle kunye nee-ofisi zezindlu ukuze kusetyenzwe kunye. Kuphela ngezenzo ezilungelelanisiweyo phakathi kwecandelo likarhulumente, imibutho yezentlalo kunye neenkampani zamandla siya kukwazi ukulwa nobuhlwempu bamandla ngokufanelekileyo kwaye siqinisekise ukuba bonke abantu banokufikelela kwikhaya elikhuselekileyo nelindilisekileyo.