ari vaunganidzi vezuva Thermal collectors, inozivikanwawo se solar thermal collectors, chikamu chakakosha chekumisikidzwa kwezuva rinopisa. A solar collector imhando ye solar panel ine basa rekubata solar radiation nekuishandura kuita thermal energy. Nokudaro, rudzi urwu rwesimba rinoshandiswazve rinonzi solar thermal energy.
Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve vanotora solar, maitiro avo uye mashandisiro.
Chii chinonzi solar collectors
Chinangwa cherudzi urwu rwesolar panel ndechekushandura simba: iyo solar radiation inosangana nesolar module inoshandurwa kuita kupisa. Mune mamwe marudzi e solar thermal installation, kupisa uku inoshandiswa kugadzira steam uye kuwana magetsi, asi iyi haisi basa remuunganidzi wezuva. Kune rumwe rutivi, photovoltaic panels ine simba rekugadzira magetsi zvakananga nenzira yakananga ikozvino. Photovoltaic mapaneru chinhu chakakosha mune photovoltaic solar kumisikidzwa.
Kubva pakuona kwemuviri, vateresi vezuva vanoshandisa thermodynamics yekushandura simba. Kusiyana neizvi, photovoltaic panels haishandisi mitemo ye thermodynamics kushandura simba rezuva, asi pane nzira yemagetsi.
Mhando dzevaunganidzi vezuva
Kune marudzi akawanda evaunganidzi vezuva. Muunganidzi wezuva anoshandiswa achaenderana nechinangwa chayo. Semuenzaniso, kana tichida kupisa dziva rekushambira kune tembiricha ye25-28 madhigirii celsius muchirimo, tinoda nyore muunganidzi wezuva, nekuti tembiricha yepakati inogona kusvika nyore kurongeka uku kwehukuru kana kutopfuura. Ukuwo, kana tichida kupisa mvura kusvika ku200ºC, tichada concentrate solar collector kuti titore mwaranzi yezuva toiendesa kune shoma shoma yemvura.
Parizvino, mumusika wezuva, tinogona kusiyanisa anotevera marudzi evanounganidza solar:
- Yakatsetseka kana yakapfava solar collectors. Rudzi urwu rwesolar panel rinotora mwaranzi yezuva iyo nzvimbo inogashira kupisa mvura. Iyo greenhouse effect inowanzoshandiswa kubata kupisa.
- Solar collectors kubata solar radiation. Rudzi urwu rwemuunganidzi rwunotora mwaranzi inogamuchirwa panzvimbo yakati kurei uye inoiisa pane diki nzvimbo kuburikidza negirazi.
- Solar collector ine vacuum chubhu. Uyu muunganidzi wezuva ane seti ye cylindrical tubes, inoumbwa neanosarudza absorbers, ari muchigaro chekuratidzira uye akakomberedzwa negirazi cylinder.
Mune yakaderera tembiricha solar application, kunyanya flat plate solar vateresi vanoshandiswa. Kana tembiricha yemvura inoshanda iri pasi pe80ºC, inofungidzirwa kuti kushandiswa kwesimba rezuva kunoitwa pakudziya kwakaderera, sekudziya kwedziva rekushambira, kugadzirwa kwemvura inopisa mudzimba uye kunyange kudziyisa. Aya mahwendefa anogona kushandiswa pasina kana pasina chivharo chegirazi, zvichienderana nekushandiswa.
Zvikamu zvevaunganidzi vezuva
Iyo yakajairwa solar collector inoumbwa nezvinhu zvinotevera:
- Chimisa: Chivharo chemuunganidzi wezuva chakajeka, chingave kana kuti chisingaiti. Inowanzo gadzirwa negirazi, kunyange zvazvo plastiki inoshandiswawo nokuti inodhura uye iri nyore kubata, asi inofanira kunge iri plastiki yakakosha. Basa rayo ndere kudzikisa kurasikirwa nekuda kwe convection uye nemwaranzi, saka inofanirwa kunge iine yakanyanya kunaka solar transmittance. Kuvapo kwechivharo kunovandudza thermodynamic performance ye solar panel.
- Air channel: Inzvimbo (isina kana isina) inoparadzanisa tambo kubva pabhodhi rekunyura. Ichaverengerwa pakuverenga ukobvu hwayo kuenzanisa kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa neconvection uye tembiricha yepamusoro inogona kuitika kana yakanyanya kutetepa.
- Absorbent plate: Iyo inonwisa ndiro chinhu chinotora simba rezuva uye chinoendesa kune iyo mvura inotenderera nemupombi. Hunhu hukuru hwebhodhi nderekuti inofanirwa kunge iine yakanyanya kunyura kwesimba rezuva uye yakaderera kupisa mwaranzi. Sezvo zvinhu zvakajairika zvisingaite izvi zvinodikanwa, zvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvinoshandiswa kuwana yakanyanya kunyura / emission ratio.
- Mapaipi kana mapaipi: Mapaipi ari kusangana neabsorption plates (dzimwe nguva akaiswa welded) kuchinjanisa simba kusvika pakakwirira. Panyaya yemapombi, mvura yacho inopisa uye inopinda mutangi rekuunganidza.
- Insulation layer: Chinangwa cheiyo insulation layer ndeyekuvhara sisitimu kudzivirira uye kuderedza kurasikirwa. Nekuti insulation ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka, iyo yekudzivirira inofanirwa kuve yakaderera yekupisa conductivity kudzikisa thermodynamic kutamisa kupisa kune kunze.
- Accumulator: Iyo accumulator chinhu chinosarudzika, dzimwe nguva chikamu chakakosha chesolar panel, mune idzi kesi inowanzowanikwa yakananga pamusoro kana mune yekuona nzvimbo yekuona. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, bhatiri haisi chikamu chesolar panel, asi ye thermal system.
Use
Solar collectors anonyanya kushandiswa kupa mvura inopisa mudzimba nekudziisa kana kugadzira magetsi.
Kune mvura inopisa yemumba uye yekudziya yekuunganidza, tangi remvura rinochengeta mvura yemumba ichisangana nemvura kuburikidza nekoiri. Iyo coil inobvumira iyo fluid kuendesa yakachengetwa simba rekupisa kumvura pasina kusvibisa mvura. Mvura iyi inogona kushandiswa semvura inopisa yemumba (80% kubatanidzwa), uye inogonawo kushandiswa kuwedzera kupisa kwepasi kwekamuri (10% kubatanidzwa). Thermal solar panels inogona kupa huwandu hwakawanda hwemvura inopisa, Asi nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwesimba rezuva, havagone kutsiva zvachose nzira dzinowanzo kupisa.
Solar collectors anoshandiswa kugadzira magetsi anoda kupisa heat exchanger kusvika pamota. Kana iyo mvura yapedza iyo thermodynamic phase shanduko uye ichipinda mugasi chikamu, inotumirwa kune thermoelectric turbine., iyo inoshandura kufamba kwemhute yemvura kuva magetsi. Iyi mhando yehurongwa inonzi solar thermodynamics uye inoda nzvimbo yakawanda yekuisa solar panel uye zuva risingaperi. Mienzaniso yemiti iyi yakaiswa mugwenga.
Kana uchitsanangura uye nekuisa solar thermal installation, zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa kuti vateresi vezuva vanofanira kugoverwa mumapoka. Aya mapoka evaunganidzi vezuva dzinofanira kugara dzakagadzirwa nezvikamu zvemuenzaniso wakafanana uye dzinogoverwa zvakaenzana sezvinobvira. Pane maviri akakosha sarudzo kana mhando dzekuunganidza vaviri kana kupfuura vaunganidzi: nhevedzano kana parallel. Pamusoro pazvo, nzvimbo yekuunganidza mvura inogona kugadzirwa nekubatanidza mapoka maviri, ayo atinoti magrouped or hybrid circuits.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pevateresi vezuva uye maitiro avo.