Kusvibiswa kwemweya kunotora zviuru nezviuru zvehupenyu pagore munyika dzese. Kana iwe wajaira kunzwa iyo "gehena" yavanayo kuChina, kunyanya muBeijingNekusvibiswa kwemhepo, izvi zvinokushamisa iwe. Ipo iyo World Health Organisation (WHO) ichiseta yakakwira yezvidimbu pa25 micrograms pa cubic mita, muBeijing inosvika mazana mashanu.
Asi chinhu hachipo, muUlaanbaatar (Mongolia), ndiko kwatinozotaura nhasi, kuwanda kwemamirioni e1.600 pamamita cubic kunosvika, ndiko kuti, zvakapetwa ka65 kupfuura izvo zvinokurudzirwa neWHO. Nei izvi zvipenga zvekufungisisa zvichisvika?
Chikonzero chikuru chekusvibisa muUlaanbaatar
Ulaanbaatar ndiro guta guru reMongolia uye rine huwandu hwakanyanya hwevanhu munyika. Kuwedzera pakuva nematenga matema ebhuruu nenzvimbo dzakakura dzehuswa, nderimwe remaguta akasvibiswa kwazvo pasi rino. Nei izvi kana huwandu hwevanhu hwakanyanya kuderera?
MuBeijing, kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunouya kubva kumatraffic nemaindasitiri. Nekudaro, iyo honzeri huru yekushatisa mumuzinda weMongolian inonzi inokonzerwa nehutsi hwakagadzirwa mumaguta ekumaguta. Ndeapi mataundi yurts? Idzi ndidzo dzimba dzekugara dzekugara dzinotorwa nevakawanda vekumaruwa pavanogara muUlaanbaatar.
Utsi hunobva kumataundi yurts
Kwakatangira chiutsi muguta guru reMongolia kunobva munzvimbo dzakavakirwa dzimba dzekunze kweguta, uko zviuru zvevanhu zvinoshandisa zvitofu zvemarasha kudziya. Iyi inzira yakachipa uye inoshanda munguva yekunyanyisa yeMongolia yechando -iine tembiricha inosvika pamadhigirii makumi mashanu pazasi pe zero- asi ichikanganisa zvakanyanya.
Kushatiswa kwepamusoro kunokonzeresa hutete hwemhute ine chepfu kuumba munguva yechando uye hunokonzera zvirwere zvekufema. Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzekusvibisa dzave kureva kuti mu2013 guta reUlaanbaatar rakaiswa se iro rechipiri rakaipisisa mweya wemhando yeguta pasirese, maererano nerondedzero yakadhindwa neWHO.
Iyo fodya inosanganiswa nenyaya yekuti Ulaanbaatar yakakomberedzwa nemakomo, zvichiita kuti zviome kuti mweya utenderere kuti iyo fog inosvibisa inogona kutakura. Zvizvarwa zvemunyika vakaita kuratidzira kukuru kwakapikisa kusvibiswa kwemhepo munzvimbo huru yeguta. Kuti varatidze, zviuru zvevagari vauya pachivara chine masiki nemabhangi mavanosimbisa "haukwanise kufema" nekuda kwehuwandu hwehutachiona uye ndokumbira Hurumende kuti itore matanho ekudzikisira mamiriro aya.
Gadzirisa matambudziko pamudzi
Kubva kubazi rezveMamiriro ekunze, munhu anoona nezvekurwisa kusvibiswa, Gunbileg Lkhagvasuren, anodzivirira kuti chakanyanya kukonzera kusvibiswa kwemhepo kuri munzvimbo dzeyurt, uye kuti vagari vane kiyi huru yekuzvigadzirisa, nekushandisa zvine musoro zvemafuta.
Mumuzinda weMongolia 80% yeiyo kusvibiswa kunobva kuma yurts, 10% kubva traffic, 6% kubva kune anodziya magetsi magetsi uye 4% kubva kune inoyerera zvidimbu. Ndokusaka ma yurts achifanira kusimbiswa, nekuti iwo anoenderana neruzhinji rwechisakiso chekusvibisa kwakanyanya.
Imwe yemhinduro dzakataurwa neHurumende ndeyekusimudzira mashandisirwo emagetsi munzvimbo dzinotambura panzvimbo pekushandisa zvitofu zvemarasha. Kubva Ndira 1, magetsi mune ayo yurts uye makabhini mahara mahara usiku, iyo pamwe chete nekusimudzira zvitofu zvemarasha zvinobudirira kwave kuri kuedza kukuru kwevakuru kudzora kusvibiswa.
Zvisinei, sekureva kwevagari nevafambi, hurumende inoti haizobhadharisa magetsi, asi magetsi ayo anoramba achiburitsa kusvibiswa. Pamusoro pezvo kune vanhu vanozeza kushandura hita nekuda kwekusavimba nazvo, kudziyisa tambo kana tambo dzisina kururama, nezvimwe.