Panyika yedu kune akasiyana ecosystem ane akasiyana hunhu anoita kuti zvinomera nemhuka zvinokura mazviri zvakasiyana. Imwe yeecosystems yatichadzidza ndeye tundra. The tundra fauna Yakagadzirwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akati omei. Zvisinei, zvipenyu zvinokwanisa kujairana nemhoteredzo kuti zvirarame uye zvikure.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza nezve maitiro ezvipenyu zve tundra, kuti vanorarama sei uye kuti mararamiro avo ndeapi.
tundra ecosystem
Tinogona kutsanangura tundra semabiomes asina zvinomera nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze, sezvo idzo nzvimbo dzinobva munzvimbo dzepasi. Iyi inzvimbo ine zvinomera zvinenge zvisisipo kubva ipapo inopfuurira mberi kwenzvimbo inokura miti.
Zvisinei, nokuda kwemamiriro okunze anotonhora nokunyorova, pasi rakanga rakafukidzwa nounyoro uye ndere, uye kunyange miti yemikonachando yeArctic yaimera mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Izvi zvinotenda kuzhizha dzayo, iyo kunyange ipfupi (haigari inopfuura mwedzi miviri), inotonhora zvikuru kupfuura yechando, kunyange zvazvo isingapfuuri madhigirii gumi.
Zvinoratidza kuti hapana mvura yakawanda pano, saka zvinomera zvishoma zvinokura zvinogona kutsigira upenyu uye nokudaro zvikava zvokudya zvetundra fauna. Kazhinji inzvimbo dzakati sandara dzine mazaya echando pasi, ayo anogona kuva pakati pe 30 cm ne 1 m gobvu. Saka, mvura iri munzvimbo idzi haigoni kudonha, inomira, ichiita madhamu nemachakwi Vanopa hunyoro hunodiwa kuti zvirimwa zvirarame.
Kuramba kuchinyunguduka kunoita kuti pave nekutsemuka kwejometri muvhu, uye uko aizi isinganyangarike, machuru nemachuru zvinogona kuonekwa pamusoro. Zviri nyore zvakare kuwana lichen-yakafukidzwa nematombo ane matombo, ayo anobvumira mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana kuti dzive nedzadzo dzekugara.
tundra wildlife
Nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze anoshamisa e tundra, mhuka dzinofanirwa kunge dzakagadzirira kutsungirira kupisa, saka zvinokwanisika kuwana mhando dzatisingaoni kumwe kumwe. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- reindeer: dzinogara dzichienda ku tundra kana zhizha rasvika nokuti hadzigoni kumira nokupisa kune imwe nzvimbo. Iyo tundra inovapa mamiriro ekunze anosvika gumi madhigirii.
- Musk ox. Mukuwedzera kune zita rayo "Musk", ine kunhuhwirira kwakasimba kunoita kuti inakidze vakadzi. Vakafukidzwa nebvudzi rakasvibirira, chokoreti-brown inogona kumira kutonhora kwakadzika uye inogona kukura kusvika 60 cm kureba.
- Arctic hare. Tsuro iyi chena ine makwapa matema panzeve dzayo refu inoita setsuro, asi kwete, ndiyo imwe yetsuro hombe pasi rose. Iine ganda gobvu rakafukidzwa nebvudzi gobvu uye rakapfava rinoidzivirira kubva pakudziya kwakadzikira.
- mbudzi yechando: Imhando yakajairika yembudzi inogona kuwanikwa mune fauna ye tundra, sezvo vhudzi rayo uye simba remuviri zvinoita kuti ive yakanaka yekugara mumamiriro ekunze eizvi biomes.
- Lemmings: idzo nhunzvatunzva madiki ayo, nekuda kwekuda kuziva, tichakuudza, anozivikanwa nekuda kwekuzviuraya, anozviita pamwechete nekuzvikanda mugungwa.
Mukuwedzera kune mhuka idzi, mamwe marudzi akajairika akadai sepolar bears, mhumhi, makondo, mazizi anogona kuwanikwa mu tundra fauna; mumvura, hove dzakaita sesaumoni. Mukuwedzera kune zvisikwa zve tundra, kune maruva makuru, anoumbwa kunyanya nehuswa uye makwenzi maduku, nekuda kwehunyoro hwakagadzirwa nechando chepasi.
Mhando dze tundra
arctic tundra
Tinogona kuiisa kuchamhembe kwehemisphere pasi peArctic ice cap, kutambanudza kubva munharaunda isingagoneki kusvika kumucheto wetaiga-inotsanangurwa taiga. Pamepu, ingave hafu yeCanada uye chikamu chikuru cheAlaska.
Kazhinji, tinogona kuwana ivhu repasi rakaoma nechando, rinowanzonzi permafrost, iyo inogadzirwa zvakanyanya nezvinhu zvakanakisa. Kana mvura ichizadza nzvimbo yepamusoro, peat bogs nemadziva zvinoumba, zvichipa mvura yezvirimwa.
Arctic tundra vegetation haina midzi yakadzika midzi, asi kuchine zvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokwanisa kumira kutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze: makwenzi akaderera, mosses, sedges, earthworms, uye uswa... nezvimwewo.
Mhuka idzi dzinogadziridzwa kuti dzikwanise kumira munguva yechando yakareba, inotonhora uye dzinoberekana uye dzinowanda nokukurumidza muzhizha. Mhuka dzakaita semhuka dzinoyamwisa neshiri dzinewo mamwe mafuta ekudzivirira. Mhuka zhinji dzinorara muchando nekuda kwekushaya chikafu. Imwe nzira ndeyekutamira kumaodzanyemba kwechando, sezvinoita shiri.
Nekuda kwekutonhora kwakanyanya, zvinokambaira uye mhuka dzinorarama panyika mumvura zvishoma kana kuti hadzipo. Huwandu hwevanhu huri kuramba huchingotenderera nekuda kwekugara vachitama uye nekutama.
Alpine tundra
Inowanikwa munzvimbo ine makomo chero pasirese, pakakwirira pakakwirira pamusoro pegungwa, uye hapana miti inokura zvachose. Nguva yekukura inenge mazuva 180. Tembiricha dzehusiku kazhinji dziri pasi pechando. Kusiyana nearctic tundra, ivhu riri muAlps rakanyoroveswa.
Izvi zvinomera zvakafanana zvikuru kune izvo zvinowanikwa muArctic uye zvinosanganisira zvinomera zvinomera zvakaita seuswa, zvikwenzi zvidiki-mashizha uye maheathers, miti miduku. Mhuka dzinogara mualpine tundra dzakanyatsogadziriswa: mhuka dzinoyamwisa semhashu, mbudzi, makwai, shiri dzine mvere dzakaoma, uye zvipembenene sezvipembenene, mhashu, butterflies, nezvimwe.
antarctic tundra
Ndiyo imwe yeashoma akajairika tundra ecosystems. Tinogona kuzviona muSouth Georgia neSouth Sandwich Islands, iyo iri chikamu cheBritish Territory, pamwe chete nedzimwe dzeKergallen Islands.
Climate
Nekuda kwekukwirira kwayo uye kuva pedo nematanda; tundra weather icharamba iri pasi pechando kwehuwandu hwegore, inenge mwedzi mitanhatu kusvika ku6. Ngatirangarirei zvinhu zvisiri zvipenyu zvakaita sevhu kana pasi, makomo, mvura, mhepo, nezvimwe. Inonzi biome uye inonakidza kudzidza.
Kazhinji, tundra yechando yakareba, yakasviba, inotonhora zvakanyanya uye yakaoma, inosvika pasi se -70 degrees Celsius mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Kunyangwe pasi paine sinou nguva zhinji yegore, kumwe kunaya kwemvura kunoitika sechando munguva yezhizha apo tembiricha inodonha.
Munzvimbo dzakanyanyisa, avhareji tembiricha -12 kusvika -6 madhigirii centigrade. Muchando vanogona kusvika 34 degrees centimita, nepo muzhizha vanowanzosvika -3 ºC. Kana tikataura pamusoro pezvikomo kana makomo, muzhizha vanogona kusvika 10 degrees Celsius, asi usiku huchava madhigirii mashoma pasi pe zero kuti vazvidzivirire.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve fauna ye tundra uye maitiro ayo.