Pakave ne chiratidzo chekusimudzira pasirese uye wakambozvinzwa. Ichi chiratidzo ndiyo tsoka yezvakatipoteredza.
Nematambudziko matsva anomuka, tinofanirwa kuwedzera uye kupedzisa ruzivo rwese rwunogona kupihwa neGDP (Gross Domestic Chigadzirwa), iChinongedzo chinoshandiswa pasirese mumamiriro ezvehupfumi.Izvi zvinodikanwa kuti ugone kugadzira zvakaenzana marongero ayo anokwanisa kuratidza kuzvipira kuZvakatipoteredza uye nekugara zvakanaka kwevanhu.
Ichi chiratidzo che biophysical chekusimudzira, uye ini ndirikuto taura chete nezve iyo tsoka tsoka, inokwanisa kubatanidza iyo seti yemhedzisiro iyo nharaunda yevanhu ine nharaunda yayo. Tichifunga sezvazvinonzwisisika, zvese zvinodiwa zviwanikwa pamwe nemarara akagadzirwa munharaunda yakati.
Chii chinonzi tsoka yezvakatipoteredza?
Iyo tsoka yezvakatipoteredza inotsanangurwa se
iyo yakazara nzvimbo yehukama inogadzira inodiwa kugadzira zviwanikwa zvinodyiwa neavhareji mugari weanopihwa nharaunda yevanhu, pamwe neizvo zvinodikanwa kutora tsvina iyo inogadzira, zvisinei nenzvimbo yenzvimbo idzi.
Iko kudzidza kweiyo ecological tsoka
Kuti timisike sechiratidzo, isu tinofanirwa kutanga taziva maitiro ekuverenga zvakatsikwa tsoka, kune izvi zvinhu zvakaita se:
Kuyerera kwezvinhu uye simba zvinogara zvichidikanwa kugadzira chero chakanaka kana sevhisi (zvisinei nehunyanzvi hwashandiswa. Izvi zvinhu uye simba kubva ku ecological masystem kana akananga simba kuyerera kubva kuZuva mune ayo akasiyana kuratidzwa.
Izvo zvinodikanwa zvakare, ecological masystem ekutora marara akagadzirwa panguva yekugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira.
Meso eiyo zvinogadzira ecosystems zvakaderedzwa sezvo nzvimbo inogarwa nedzimba, zvishandiso, zvigadzirwa ...
Nenzira iyi tinogona kuona kuti chiratidzo ichi sei inosanganisa akawanda maitiro, kunyange hazvo vamwe vachifanirwa kutarisirwawo, senge idzo dzinozvidza mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza chaiwo.
Kukanganisa chaiko kwezvakatipoteredza
Zvimwe zvinokanganisa hazvizivikanwe, kunyanya yehunhu hwehunhu, sekusvibisa ivhu, mvura, uye mhepo yemuchadenga (kunze kwe CO2), kukukurwa, kurasikirwa kweiyo zvipenyu zvakasiyana kana kudzikisira kubva kunzvimbo.
Maitiro mune zvekurima, zvipfuyo uye masango zvikamu zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinogara zviripo, ndiko kuti, kugadzirwa kwevhu hakudzikire nekufamba kwenguva.
Iko kukanganisa kunoenderana nekushandiswa kwemvura hakufungidzirwe, kunze kwekugara chaiko kwenzvimbo nenzvimbo dzekuchengetera uye ma hydraulic infrastraktiki uye simba rine chekuita nekutungamira kwekutenderera kwemvura.
Seyero yakajairwa, kunoedzwa kusaverenga izvo zvinhu zvine kusahadzika nezvehunhu hwekuverenga.
Panyaya iyi, pane zvakare nguva dzose tsika yekusarudza yakangwara sarudzo kana zvasvika pakuwana mhedzisiro.
Biocapacity
Chinhu chinowedzeredza kune iyo tsoka yezvisikwa ndeye biocapacity yenharaunda. Izvo chete ndizvo biologically inogadzira nzvimbo izvo zviripo senge zvirimwa, masango, mafuro, gungwa rinobereka ...
Ini ndinoreva biocapacity sechinhu chinowirirana nekuti mutsauko wezviratidzo izvi inotipa semhedzisiro iyo kushomeka kwezvakatipoteredza. Ndokunge, kushomeka kwezvakatipoteredza kwakaenzana neiyo kudiwa kwesosi (ecological tsoka) zvishoma zviwanikwa zviripo (biocapacity).
Kubva pakuona kwepasirese, zvakafungidzirwa pa 1,8 ha biocapacity yepasi kune mumwe mugari, kana chii chakafanana, dai taifanira kugovera ivhu rinobereka repasi muzvikamu zvakaenzana, kune mumwe nemumwe wevanopfuura mabhiriyoni matanhatu vagari vepasi, mahekita 1,8 aizoenderana kuzadzisa zvese zvavanoda mukati megore rimwe chete.
Izvi zvinotipa pfungwa yekushandisa kukuru uye mashandisiro atinoita, uye ndiko kuti, kana tikaramba tichidaro, Nyika haizokwanisa kupa munhu wese.
Se data rekuda kuziva, taura izvozvo USA ine tsoka ye9.6Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana nyika yese ikararama seUS zvinotora mapuraneti anodarika mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe Pasi.
Tsika yezvakatipoteredza ye Spain ndeye 5.4
Verenga iyo tsoka yezvisikwa
Iko kuverenga kweichi chiratidzo kunobva pane iyo fungidziro yenzvimbo inogadzirwa inodiwa kugutsa kunwiwa kunoenderana nechikafu, kune zvigadzirwa zvesango, kushandiswa kwesimba uye yakanangana nekugara kwenyika.
Kuti uzive nzvimbo idzi, matanho maviri anoitwa:
Verenga kushandiswa kwemapoka akasiyana muzvikamu zvemuviri
Muchiitiko chekuti pasina dhata rekushandisa yakananga, iyo inoshandiswa yekushandisa yeimwe chigadzirwa inofungidzirwa neinotevera chirevo:
Kunoratidzika kushandiswa = Kugadzira - Export + Kunze
Shandura izvi zvinoshandiswa muzvakanaka zvinogadzirwa zvehupenyu kuburikidza neyakagadzirwa indekisi
Izvi zvakaenzana nekuverenga nzvimbo inofanirwa kugutsa avhareji pamunhu kushandiswa kwechigadzirwa chakapihwa. Kubudirira kukosha kunoshandiswa.
Zvakatipoteredza tsoka = Kudya / Kugadzira
Hugadziriro hwehunhu hwatichashandisa hunogona kutaurwa pasirese pasirese, kana ivo vanogona kuverengerwa zvakananga kune imwe ndima, nekudaro tichifunga nezve tekinoroji yakashandiswa uye mashandiro epasi.
Kune yakajairwa kuverenga, iyo kushandiswa kwepasi rose kugadzirwa kwezvinhu (sezvazvakaita iwe zvawaona pamusoro) nekuti zvinokwanisika nenzira iyi kuita kuti kuenzanisa kwehunhu hunowanikwa kubva kuchisiko chetsika padanho renzvimbo uye zvinobatsira mukumisikidza kwakazara kwechiratidzo.
Simba rekushandisa
Kuti uwane tsoka yezvakatipoteredza maererano nekushandisa kwesimba, zvinoitwa zvakasiyana zvichienderana nesimba remagetsi rinofanira kutariswa.
Nezve mafuta. Kwayedza sosi yesimba yakadyiwa, kunyangwe iri kudzikira nekuda kwesimba rinowedzerwazve, tsoka yezvakatipoteredza inoyera nzvimbo yekudyiwa kweEC2.
Izvi zvinowanikwa kubva mukushandisa kwesimba kwesimba, zvese zvakanangana uye zvine chekuita nekugadzirwa nekuparadzirwa kwezvinhu nemasevhisi akadyiwa, akapatsanurwa nekwaniso yekugadzirisa CO2 yenzvimbo yesango.
Kusara kuverenga
Kamwe iko kudzvanywa kwave kuverengwa uye neyakagadzirwa indices kuiswa, isu tinogona kuve ne nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekugadzira dzinofungidzirwa (zvirimwa, mafuro, masango, gungwa kana nzvimbo dzakagadzirwa).
Chikamu chega chega chine zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana zvehupenyu (semuenzaniso: hectare yezvirimwa inobereka zvakanyanya kupfuura rimwe regungwa), uye usati wawedzera zvinofanirwa kuenderera kune izvo zvinonzi zvakajairika.
Kuti uite izvi, imwe neimwe yepamusoro inoremerwa nenzira yezvinhu zvakaenzana zvinoratidza hukama pakati pehunhu hwechigadzirwa chega chega chikamu chepamusoro zvine chekuita neanevhareji kugadzirwa kwepasi.
Mupfungwa iyi, chokwadi chekuti kuenzana kwemasango i1,37 zvinoreva kuti kugadzirwa kwehekita imwe chete yemasango kune, paavhareji, 37% kuwedzera kubereka pane avhareji yekugadzirwa kwenzvimbo yese. Yenzvimbo yepasi rese inobereka.
Kana zviyero zvakaenzana zvashandiswa kune chimwe nechimwe chikamu cheakaverengwa pamusoro, isu tave nazvo tsoka yezvakatipoteredza inoratidzwa mune inozivikanwa seyenyika mahekita (gha).
Uye nezvose izvi kana tikakwanisa kuenderera mberi nekuwedzera ese uye nekudaro tichiwana iyo yakazara ecological tsoka.
Verenga yako wega ecological tsoka
Wati wamboshamisika here kuti zvakadii "zvisikwa" mararamiro ako anoda? Iyo yemubvunzo "Iyo ecological tsoka" inoverenga huwandu hwenyika nenzvimbo yegungwa inodiwa ku chengetedza maitiro ako ekushandisa uye unotora marara ako gore rega.
Semuenzaniso wakajairika, zvishandiso izvi zvinowanzo tarisa munzvimbo dzinotevera:
- Energy: Kushandiswa kwesimba mumba. Kuverengera kwepasirese nerudzi rwemagetsi pagore, pamwe nemutengo unobatanidzwa.
- Mvura: Kufungidzira kwemazana ezvekushandisa pane avhareji uye nezve mhedzisiro yekuwedzeredza maitiro ako ekushandisa mvura.
- Kutakura: Mangani machena ekuzungunuka iwe aunogona kuita nyika nekuwedzera kwese kutamiswa mugore.
- Tsvina nezvinhu: Huwandu hwemarara hunogadzirwa mumba memunhu pamunhu uye zvikamu zvezvinhu zvinogadziriswazve.
Mushure mekupindura ku 27 mibvunzo yakapusa MuMyFootPrint, iwe unozokwanisa kuenzanisa tsoka yako yezvakatipoteredza neyevamwe vanhu uye nekuona maitiro atingaderedze kukanganisa kwedu pasi.
Shanyira iyo peji myfootprint uye pindura mibvunzo.
Dai munhu wese akararama uye aine mararamiro akafanana isu taizoda 1,18 Nyika, Ini ndinopfuura nepadiki kwazvo kunyangwe mumakore achangopfuura zvakadzikira kubvira pandakatanga kudzidza nezve pfungwa yezvisikwa tsoka ndakazviita uye ndinorangarira kuti ndaive 1,40, saka tiri munzira kwayo.
Neutralize yedu ecological tsoka
Yepasi rose ecological tsoka
Para kuumbwa kwetsoka yezvakatipoteredza muSpain chakanyanya kukosha inyaya yesimba, kuva nechikamu che68%, pamusoro pe50% yakagadzwa pasirese.
Nechikonzero ichi, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti chikuru chinhu chetsoka iyi (simba retsoka) ndiko kugadzirwa kwe vatengi zvinhu ne47,5%, ichi Inotaridzwa pamwe nekushandisa simba chaiko uye iine simba riri mune zvinounzwa kunze kwenyika.
Mushure mechinzvimbo chechipiri isu tine chekufambisa uye chekufambisa chikamu ne23,4% uye munzvimbo yechitatu dzimba ne11,2%.
Kubva pane aya data, zvinofungidzirwa kuti Spain ine kushomeka kwezvakatipoteredza kwema 4 ha pamunhu, kureva, mahekita mamirioni zana nemakumi manomwe nemashanu munyika
Muchidimbu, pagore vanhu veSpanish vanoda kanopfuura ka2,5 nguva ndima yayo kuti igone kuchengetedza mwero wehupenyu uye huwandu hwevanhu. Naizvozvo, isu tine kushomeka kwezvakatipoteredza izvo zviri pamusoro pevhareji yeEU uye izvo zvinoratidza kuti Spain ine nzvimbo chete yekupa chikafu nezvigadzirwa zvemusango kuvanhu varipo.
Asi chinhu chakakosha apa ndechekuti kana tangova nemhedzisiro yetsika yezvakatipoteredza tinofanira kuidzikisa.
Kuderedza tsoka dzepasi rose kana padanho remunhu hapana chimwe kunze kwekushandisa tsika dzakanaka dzakadai sekushandisa mvura zvine musoro, kushandiswa kwezvifambiso zvevoruzhinji kana imwe nzira isingasvibise, kudzokororazve, kushandiswa kwemaabhuru emagetsi mashoma, kuputira windows uye madhoo, kushandiswa kwemidziyo inoshanda uye yakareba etc.
Idzi tsika dzakareruka (dzinodhura zvishoma pakutanga asi pakupedzisira dzinova chikamu chehupenyu hwedu) inogona kukanganisa simba rekuchengetedza remumba dzinenge 9% pamhuri.