Simba rinowedzerwazve muSpain riri kupa, nekufamba kwenguva, kukwira nekudzika mukushandisa uye mukugadzira. Parizvino, kana simba renyukireya, yakasanganiswa michero yemuchadenga, kana kunyange iyo inoshuviwa yemarasha uye gasi rechisikirwo haikwanise kuburitsa simba rakawanda seanogona kumutsidzirwa mugore rapfuura Sekureva kweSpanish Electricity Network, iyo inovandudzwa sosi yemagetsi inogadzirwa mu2017 yakaburitsa 33,7% yesimba rese rakashandiswa.
Mune ino posvo iwe unozogona kuziva panorama yemagetsi anovandudzwa muSpain, kubva pamabatiro avanoshanda kusvika kune ayo anonyanya kushandiswa. Iwe unoda kuziva zvese nezvazvo?
Mamwe masimba anovandudzwa muSpain
Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti simba rinowedzerwazve rapa kudhonza kwakanaka muIberian Peninsula, ichiri 17,4% yesimba rakashandiswa rinokonzerwa nemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi. Imwe chete kubva kumaawa matatu emakirowatt akagadzirwa kuSpain inogadzira yakazvimiririra uye yakachena. Pakati pesimba rinonyanya kushandiswa tinowana zuva, mhepo, hydro uye biomass.
Nepo mvura, zuva nemhepo zvichishandiswa kugadzira simba pamwero mukuru, biomass yanga ichishandiswa kupisa zvivakwa munguva yechando. Kutenda kune ino inovandudzwa sosi ivo vanogona kupihwa chikafu zvitofu zvepellet.
Simba rakajairika uye nemitengo yavo yakakwira
Mamwe ese ema kilowatt maawa anogadzirwa mune gasi rechisikigo, marasha kana magetsi emagetsi. Aya masimba haasi echizvarwa, nekuti, semuenzaniso, inenge 50% yeiyo uranium yakakosha kuNamibia kana Niger. Kubva ipapo tinowana huni dzemagetsi edu emagetsi. Kune rimwe divi, kubva kuQatar kana Algeria tinopinza hafu yegesi chaiyo yatinoshandisa. Pekupedzisira, tinotora huwandu hwakawanda hwemafuta kubva kuLibya, Nigeria neMiddle East.
Aya ekunze mavambo esimba zvinoreva kuti mari yacho haiendi kuSpain, asi kuti inoramba iri kunze. Hupfumi hweSpain hunoshanda kana mari ichiyerera mukati medzimwe nyika. Ndokunge, kana tikatumira kunze kwenyika kupfuura zvatiri kupinza kana kugamuchira vamwe vashanyi vanoshandisa mari yavo pano. Zvese zvinotengeswa zvine mutengo: makumi matatu emamiriyoni euros anoshandiswa pamafuta, gasi uye marasha. Iyi mari inorasika kubva muhomwe yeSpain uye inoenda kune dzimwe nyika.
Tatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, Spain inoenderana zvachose nemitengo yakatarwa nedzimwe nyika gasi rechisikigo kana oiri. Uku kutsamira kwesimba kuri pamusoro pevhareji yeEuropean. Nyika shomanene dzakazvimiririra zvakakwana musimba, asi Spain inonyanya kuvimba nesimba rekunze. Isu tinoratidzwa kune zvido zvemamwe marudzi anotitengesa simba uye kumusika iwoyo "hudzvanyiriri".
Dambudziko rekutsamira kwesimba riri kuramba richiwedzera kuwedzera. Sekureva kweazvino maCores bulletin (Corporation yeStrategic Reserves yePetroleum Zvigadzirwa, Ministry of Energy), pakati paNdira naGumiguru 2017, kupinzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi kwakura ne18,0% pano. Pasinei neizvi, kushomeka kwesimba kwakawedzera ne30,4%, inosvika mamirioni gumi nemashanu emadhora. Tiri kuramba tichitoshomeka musimba, patinenge tiine mukana mukuru munyika yezvinogona kudzorerwa.
Spain iri kuitei nesimba?
Nesimba raunotenga, rinogadzira zvese kutonhora uye kupisa mumaindasitiri maitiro. Ivo vanoshandawo kumhepo-mamiriro mudzimba nemahofisi. Inofanirwa kutariswa kuti oiri inoshandiswa kudyara zvikepe zvese zvemotokari zvichitenderera (anopfuura mamirioni makumi maviri nemanomwe emota epasi pamwe nemhepo uye negungwa mota). Iyo inoshandiswawo kugadzira magetsi. Mukugadzirwa kwesimba isu taive mune zvakawandisa kusvika rinenge gore, apo muyero pakati pekunze nekutengesa zvinhu kunze kwaive kwakanaka.
Mushure memakore gumi nematatu ezviyero zvakanaka, nemakore mashanu akateedzana uye kumiswa kwemawoko matsva mumaoko ehurumende yeRajoy, mu2016 kudzikira kwesimba kwakatanga muSpain. Iyo tsika yekuwedzera yakave yakasimbiswa muna 2017, apo isu takatumira kunze 20% simba rakawanda kupfuura muna 2016. Kunyangwe France nePortugal vari zvakare mune yakasarudzika muyero, iyo yekupedzisira ine inoshanda kwazvo yekuzvishandisa-yega mutemo mumusika.
Renewables mukana
MuSpain ine yakakwira mwero mwero muEurope yose. Uye zvakare, isu tine huwandu hwakanyanya hwevashanyi munhoroondo uye takagara mwedzi waNyamavhuvhu netembiricha yemadhigirii makumi mashanu nemashanu. Kunyangwe izvi, kusimba kwesimba redu kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera nekuwedzera. Tine zviwanikwa zvakawanda muSpain uye nehwindo rakakura remikana. Iyo yemhepo inotonhorera yakashandiswa panguva yepamusoro maawa ingadai yakave yakapihwa simba nezuva. Zuva rinogona kunge risingaregerere uye rinonetesa sezvo riine rupo musimba. Asi hazvina kunge zvakadaro. Vatengesi vekunze vakabatsirwa neaya masimba emagetsi, kazhinji aya egasi rechisikigo.
Zvisinei nemamiriro emagetsi atinogara mazuva ese kuSpain, iyo paki inovandudzwa yakaiswa zvinoreva kuti tinogona kuva ne1 mu3 kilowatts yesimba rakachena. Uku ndiko kubudirira tichifunga mamiriro akasimba atiri kupfuura nawo. Hapana chimwezve uye hapana chakaderera pane 33,7% yesimba rese inogadzirwa neasina-kusvibisa uye zviwanikwa zvemuno.
Spanish simba musanganiswa
Kune rimwe divi, iwo manomwe magetsi enyukireya achiri kushanda anga aine basa rekugadzira 22,6% yeiyo kilowatts. Izvi zvinoreva kuti icho chakatumirwa kubva kuNamibia chakatora chikamu chechipiri chechigadzirwa. Gasi rakaburitsa zvimwe kana zvishoma zvakafanana, kana isu tikawedzera iyo yakasanganiswa kutenderera, 13,8%, uye iyo 11,5 mapoinzi ekubatana. Mazhinji ezvivakwa zvekugadzirisa muSpain anoshanda negasi. Marasha anga achingogadzira 17,4% yemaawa ekilowatt.
Sezvinoonekwa mumusanganiswa wesimba reSpanish, kunyangwe hazvo izvo zvigadziriswazve zvakamiswa kubvira hurumende yeRajoy, vakapfuura vamwe. Simba rinowedzerwazve muSpain rinotungamira nyika kushanduko yemagetsi sezvo, nekukurumidza kana gare gare, mafuta ezve fossil anozodhura nekuda kwekuparara kwavo. Ndinovimba hurumende dzichawana kushanda nazvo. Zvinonyadzisa kuti simba rakawanda riri kutambiswa, kunyangwe paine kugona kukuru.