Nzira yekugadzira sei biodiesel

Gadzira yedu pachedu biodiesel nemafuta matsva kana akamboshandiswa zvinogoneka kunyangwe iine mamwe matambudziko.

Muchinyorwa chino ini ndichakuudza maitiro ekugadzira biodiesel kuwedzera kune iwo matambudziko ataurwa asi chekutanga ndechekuziva zvatichaita.

Biodiesel iri Liquid biofuel inowanikwa kubva kumafuta emiriwo Rapeseed, sunflower uye soybeans parizvino ndizvo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kushandiswa, kunyangwe kuwanikwa kwavo nezvirimwa zvealgae kuri kuongororwawo.

Hunhu hwebiodiesel hwakafanana chaizvo nedhiziri remotokari maererano nehuwandu uye huwandu hwecetane, kunyangwe iine poizhi yepamusoro pane dhiziri, hunhu hunoita kuti zvikwanise kuisanganisa neyekupedzisira kuti ive mafuta. Shandisa muinjini.

American Society Yekuyedza uye Chinyorwa Standard (ASTM, mubatanidzwa wepasi rose wehunhu hwemhando) inotsanangura biodiesel se:

"Monoalkyl esters emaketani marefu emafuta acids anotorwa kubva kumutsiridziro lipids senge mafuta emiriwo kana mafuta emhuka, uye anoshandiswa mukumanikidza injini injini"

Zvisinei, esters anonyanya kushandiswa ndeye methanol uye ethanol (yakawanikwa kubva mukushandurwa kwemhando ipi neipi yemafuta emiriwo kana mafuta emhuka kana kubva kune esterification yemafuta acids) nekuda kwemutengo wayo wakaderera uye makemikari uye panyama zvakanakira.

Musiyano kubva kune mamwe mafuta ndewekuti mabheofuofu kana mabiofuel anoratidza kukosha kwekushandisa zvigadzirwa zvemuriwo sezvinhu zvakasvibirira, semhedzisiro zvakakosha zvakakosha kufunga nezve hunhu hweiyo misika yezvekurima.

Uye saka, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti iyo kuvandudza indasitiri yebayofuel Izvo hazvitsamire zvakanyanya pane kuwanikwa kwemuno mbishi zvinhu, asi pakuvapo kwekuda kwakaringana.

Nekuona iko kuvepo kwekudiwa kwe biofuels, kuvandudzwa kwemusika wako kunogona kushandiswa kusimudzira mamwe marongero senge kurima, kufarira kuumbwa kwemabasa muchikamu chepuraimari, kuwanda kwevanhu munzvimbo dzekumaruwa, kusimudzira kwemaindasitiri uye zviitiko zvekurima, uye panguva imwecheteyo kudzikisira kukonzeresa kwegwenga nekuda kwekudyarwa kwezvirimwa zvine simba.

ASTM inodudzawo bvunzo dzakasiyana dzinofanirwa kuitwa pamafuta kuona kushanda kwavo kwakakodzera nekuti pakushandisa biodiesel semota yemota, hunhu hweesters hwakafanana chaizvo nedhiziri hunofanirwa kutariswa. .

Zvakanakira nekuipira biodiesel

Imwe yemabhenefiti akakosha atinogona kuwana kubva mukushandisa iyi biofuel panzvimbo yedhiziri ndiyo Kuchengetedza zviwanikwa yeNyika nekuti inzvimbo yesimba rinowedzerwazve.

Imwe mukana ndeye Kunze kwenyika kune biofuelsKana zvikaitika muSpain, nenzira iyi simba redu kutsamira pane mafuta, inova 80%, inoderedzwawo.

Saizvozvo, zvinofarira kuvandudza uye kugadzirisa kwenzvimbo dzekumaruwa izvo zvakatsaurirwa kugadzirwa kweiyi biofuel.

Kune rimwe divi, zvinobatsira iyo kuderera muCO2 choutsi kumuchadenga, zvakare kubvisa dambudziko remvura inonwisa mvura sezvo isina sarufa.

Kuva chigadzirwa chinogadziriswa chikafu uye chisiri chepfu, icho inoderedza kusvibiswa kwevhu uye njodzi dzehuturu mune imwe netsaona kurasika.

Inopa kuchengetedzeka kukuru sezvo iine lubricity rakanakisa uye yepamusoro flash point.

Kana zviri zvekusagadzikana, tinogona kudoma akati wandei senge mutengo. Pari zvino, haina kukwikwidzana neyakajairika dhiziri.

Nezve izvo zvehunyanzvi zvivakwa, ine yakaderera calorific kukosha, kunyangwe zvisingareve kurasikirwa kwesimba kana kuwedzera kukuru mukushandisa.

Kune rimwe divi, rakadaro yakadzika oxidation kugadzikana, izvi zvichikosha kana zvasvika pakuchengetera, uye ine yakanyanya kutonhora zvivakwa, zvinoita kuti isapindirane pane kwakanyanya tembiricha. Nekudaro, izvi zviviri zvekupedzisira zvivakwa zvinogona kugadziriswa nekuwedzera chinowedzera.

Maitiro atingaite isu pachedu biodiesel

Tora biodiesel yedu zvine ngozi zvikuru yezvigadzirwa zvemakemikari zvatinofanira kushandisa uye nekuda kwechikonzero ichi ini ndinongotaura nhanho dziri pamusoro kuti usazofunga kuzviitira kumba kunze kwekunge watevedzera zvese zviyero zvekuchengetedza mukuwedzera pakuve kunyoresa zviri pamutemo kuSpain, sezvo zvisiri pamutemo kuburitsa iyi biofuel.

Chekutanga pane zvese kutanga kuyedza ne litre yemafuta matsva sezvo izvi zviri nyore kwazvo pane mafuta akamboshandiswa, kunyangwe isu tichifunga kupa iyi yekupedzisira oiri kushandisa kwechipiri. Kana iwe uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchadzorera pamusoro pemafuta matsva, unogona kuenda kune iwo akamboshandiswa oiri uye izvo zvaungade panguva ino ndeye blender, ramba uchifunga kuti haugone kuishandisa kune chero chimwe chinhu saka iyo blender inofanirwa kunge iri yeaya ekare kana yakachipa.

Iyo nzira

Sezvatakambotaura, biodiesel inowanikwa kubva kumafuta emuriwo mavambo ayo kubva kune kemikari maonero ekuona anozivikanwa se triglycerides

Imwe yeiyo triglyceride mamorekuru inoumbwa ne3 fatty acid mamorekuru akabatanidzwa kune glycerin molecule.

Izvo zvakaitirwa reaction (inonzi kushandurwa) yekuumbwa kwebiofuel yedu ndeyekuparadzanisa aya mafuta acids kubva kune glycerin ichitibatsira nechinhu chinokonzeresa, inogona kuve NaOH kana KOH, uye nekudaro inokwanisa kubatanidza uye kubatanidza imwe neimwe yadzo kune molecule ye methanol kana ethanol.

Zvinodikanwa zvigadzirwa

Chimwe chezvigadzirwa zvatinozoshandisa doro. Izvi zvinogona kudaro methanol (izvo zvinoumba methyl esters) kana ethanol (iyo inoumba ethyl esters).

Pano dambudziko rekutanga rinomuka sezvo ukasarudza kugadzira biodiesel se methanol, ini ndinokuudza kuti haugone kugadzira ichi chakagadzirwa nekuti zviripo zvinobva gasi rechisikigo.

Nekudaro, ethanol inogona kugadzirwa kumba uye izvo zviripo zvinobva mumiti (iyo yese kubva kumafuta).

Iyo yakashata ndeyekuti kugadzira biodiesel ine ethanol kwakanyanya kuomarara kupfuura ne methanolzvirokwazvo haisi yevatangi.

Zvese methanol uye ethanol vane chepfu izvo zvaunofanira kugara uchichengeta kuchengetedzeka mupfungwa.

Iwo makemikari ane chepfu anogona kukupofomadza kana kukuuraya iwe, uye sekungonwa chete, zvinokuvadza zvakare nekuupinza kuburikidza neganda rako uye nekufema mumhute yawo.

Zvemiedzo yekumba unogona kushandisa barbecue peturu iyo ine methanol kunyangwe iwe uchifanira kuyeuka kuti iyo mwero wekuchena unofanirwa kuve unenge 99% uye kana iine chimwe chinhu haizoite chero chinhu senge yakadzvanywa ethanol.

Iyo inokonzeresaSezvatakambotaura, vanogona kuve KOH kana NaOH, potassium hydroxide uye caustic soda zvakateerana, imwe nyore kuwana kupfuura imwe.

Kufanana nemethanol uye ethanol, soda inogona kutengwa zviri nyore asi yakanyanya kunetsa kubata pane potassium hydroxide, iyo inokurudzirwa zvakanyanya kune vanotanga.

Ose ari maviri hygroscopic, zvichireva kuti ivo vanonwisa hunyoro kubva mumhepo, zvichideredza kugona kwavo kwekugadzirisa maitiro. Dzinofanira kugara dzichichengetwa mumidziyo ine chisimbiso.

Maitiro acho akafanana neKOH seNaOH, asi iyo huwandu inofanirwa kunge iri 1,4 zvakapetwa (1,4025).

Kusanganisa methanol ne potassium hydroxide inoumba iyo sodium methoxide iyo inoparadza zvakanyanya uye inodikanwa mukugadzirwa kwe biodiesel.

Nezve methoxide, shandisa midziyo yakagadzirwa neHDPE (high-density polyethylene), girazi, simbi isina chinhu, kana yakashongedzwa.

Zvishandiso nemidziyo (zvese zvinofanirwa kuve zvakachena uye kuoma)

• Litre imwe yemafuta emuriwo matsva, asina kubikwa.
• 200 ml ye99% yakachena methanol
• Catalyst, iyo inogona kuve potasium hydroxide (KOH) kana sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
• Musanganisi wekare.
• Kuenzanisa ne0,1 gr yekugadzirisa (zvirinani zvichiri nesarudzo ye0,01 gr)
• Kuyera magirazi emethanol nemafuta.
• Translucent chena HDPE hafu-litre mudziyo uye screw cap.
• Funnel mbiri dzinokwana mukanwa memudziyo weHPPE, imwe yemethanol uye imwe yechinobatsira.
• Bhodhoro repurasitiki rePET-marita maviri (akajairwa mvura kana bhodhoro resoda) yekudzikisa
• Mabhodhoro maviri epurasitiki ePet-maviri ekuwacha.
• Thermometer.

Kuchengetedza, kwakakosha

Kune izvi isu tinofanirwa kufunga nezvenhamba dzinoverengeka dzekuchengetedza pamwe nezvinhu zvekudzivirira zvakadai se:

• Gloves inoshingirira kune zvigadzirwa zvatinozobata, izvi zvinofanirwa kunge zvakareba kuti zvivhare maoko uye nekudaro maoko anonyatso dzivirirwa.
• Apuroni uye magirazi ekudzivirira kuvhara muviri wese.
• Gara uine mvura inoyerera padhuze nekubata zvigadzirwa izvi.
• Kubasa kunofanirwa kuve nemhepo yakanaka kwazvo.
• Usafeme magasi. Kune izvi pane akakosha masiki.
• Iko hakugone kuve nevanhu kunze kwekuita, vana, kana zvipfuyo padyo.

Iwe unogona here kugadzira biodiesel mune chero imba?

Kuwedzera imwe joke kune zvakakomba zvakanyanya munhevedzano "La que se avecina" pendi iri nyore kwazvo nemutsara "waving inova gerund" asi muchokwadi haisi zvachose, kunze kwekuva nenjodzi huru, uye kuti une yakaonekwa yakakosha, izvo zvigadzirwa.

Pasina kupa yakawanda yakawanda mirairo, ndinogona kukuvimbisa kuti pachine nzira refu yekuenda kugadzira biodiesel kubvira kwekutanga pane zvese kushandiswa kwemafuta kusefa (inova ndiyo inotifadza), ipapo isu tichafanirwa kugadzira iyo sodium methoxide, kuita zvakakodzera kuita, kuita chinja uye kupatsanurwa.

Saizvozvo, isu tinofanirwa kutarisa mhando yechigadzirwa chakagadzirwa nemuedzo wekuwacha uye pakupedzisira kuomesa.

Homemade biodiesel muSpain

Kunyangwe zvakanakira izvo biodiesel inogona kuburitsa, mu Spain parizvino haisi pamutemo kuti iite pamba.

Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumidza kugadzirwa kweiyi biofuel uye kunyange kutengesa kit yekugadzira kuitira kuti chero munhu ane matanho akakodzera ekuchengetedza anogona kuzviita.

Pachezvangu, hezvino zvinhu zviviri zvekusarongeka kweyakagadzirwa biodiesel.

Chekutanga ndechekuti Spain ine hanya nesu uye ivo vakarambidza kugadzirwa kwayo nekuda kwengozi kuti izvi zvinosanganisira pakubata makemikari ane njodzi.

Chechipiri ndechekuti Spain haina hanya nenyaya yekuti chero mugari anogona kuburitsa biofuels Zvehupfumi.

Chero zvazvingaitika, zviri pachena kuti inomiririra bhureki kune shanduko yesimba.