Simba remhepo simba munyika yakasvika kuma gigawatts mazana mana namakumi mana nenomwe (GW) muna 2016. Nenzira imwecheteyo, zviyero zvakaenzanisirwa zvemagetsi emagetsi kubva kumagetsi emhepo (LCOE), ndiko kuti, kuwanda kwemagetsi ekugadzira magetsi (kutanga kwekudyara, kugadzirisa, mutengo wemafuta ...) kuri kudonha, kudzamara $ 67 pa megawatt awa (MWh), chechitatu kukosha kwakaderera mukati memasimba anowedzerwazve.
Simba remhepo harifungi 4% yenyika inogadzira simba, kunyangwe BBVA Tsvagiridzo mushumo wayo "Renewables: Mhinduro iri mumhepo" tenda kuti kuvandudza mashandiro emagetsi emhepo anogona kuwedzera iyo muzana kusvika pa20% na2040.
Izvo mhepo ine simba Ndiyo huru inogona kudzoreredzwa imwe simba pasirese inozivikanwa kune vese. Uchapupu hweizvi ndiko kufambira mberi kwakaitwa mumakore achangopfuura mu wedzera simba rinogadzirwa nemhepo turbine yega yega nema multinationals anoshanda mune ino chikamu, kunyanya mumhepo turbine anoita basa ravo mugungwa rakavhurika.
Kunyangwe, kuzadzisa ichi chinangwa, BBVA Tsvagiridzo inotenda kuti zviuru zviviri zveGW zvinokwanisika zvichiri kudikanwa mumapaki emahombekombe uye imwe 2.000GW yekumahombekombe. Pakazara, chinangwa che200 icho chinenge choda mari inosvika matiririyoni mana emadhora.
Nguva pfupi yapfuura nhanho mumhepo simba
Chiitiko chekupedzisira pane izvi chakaziviswa nguva pfupi yadarika nekambani, mubatanidzwa pakati peDenmark yenyika dzakawanda Vestas neJapan Mitsubishi inozivikanwa seMhivestasoffshore.
Vakagadzira prototype ye9 MW yekumahombekombe jenareta yesimba, yakaiswa pamahombekombe eDenmark, inokwanisa kuburitsa mumaawa makumi maviri nemana chete huwandu hwesimba rakaenzana neizvo imba muUnited States ingadya kwemakumi maviri emakore. Iyo inonyanya kugadzirirwa kumhanya kwemhepo pakati 12 uye 25 metres pasekondi.
Zvakwana kugonesa imba kwemakore makumi matanhatu nematanhatu
Sekureva kwaTorben Hvid larsen, Vestas CTO:
"Wedu prototype yakaisa imwe chizvarwa rekodhi, iine 216.000 kWh inogadzirwa mumaawa makumi maviri nemana. "Tine chivimbo chekuti turbine yemhepo iyi 24 MW yakaratidza kuve yakagadzirira musika, uye tinotenda kuti ichaita basa rakakosha mukuderedza mitengo yemagetsi ekunze."
Kazhinji kutaura nezve kilowatts zvakati omei uye zvisinganzwisisike. Asi zvinoenderana nematare epamutemo, iyo avhareji magetsi ekushandisa eSpanish imba iri 3.250 kWh pagore. Huwandu hwakakwira zvishoma pane avhareji kudyiwa kwemaguta ekugara mumaguta makuru eSouth America Tichifunga izvi, zuva rekugadzira rinogona kuendesa magetsi kune avhareji imba kweanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu nematanhatu.
Saka kuti tikwanise kuwana pfungwa yekukosha kwekusimudzira, turbine yemhepo inoyera 220 metres kumusoro (yakafanana nechivakwa chakareba kwazvo muguta re Madrid). Anotenderera mashizha pane rotor angori pamusoro pemamita makumi masere nemasere pakureba uye anorema anopfuura makumi matatu nematatu.
Iyo prototype yakagadzirwa ndeye kufambira mberi kune yapfuura 8 MW modhi, yakafanana neiyo iyo iyo imwe mhepo simba hofori seGerman zvakare ine mune portfolio Siemens.
Zvakanakira simba remhepo uye turbine yemhepo
Kukosha kweizvi hakuna kunyanya kune chokwadi chekuva ne yakadaro hombe yemagetsi turbine, asi zvakare nekuda kwekufambira mberi kunogona kuvandudzwa mukuisirwa kwesimba remagetsi iri uye iro rinogona kuzadzikiswa zvese pakuiswa kwepanyika neavo vanowanikwa mugungwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvambotaurwa zvinoreva kugona kugadzira yakachipa-magetsi magetsi kubva kune yakasarudzika zviwanikwa zviwanikwa uye kuti haina kuburitsa magreenhouse gases.
Kwokuishandisa kupi?
Mumwe mubvunzo watinogona kuzvibvunza ndewekuti izvi zvinoshanda here kune chero ndima. Mhinduro iri pachena hongu, kune ese ari kumahombekombe uye kumahombekombe kumisikidzwa.
Nezve izvo zvekare, zvinokurudzirwa kunongedzera kuti iko kupihwa simba kwemapurazi emhepo, inonyanya kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzine zviwanikwa zvihombe uye nemagetsi epasi emagetsi epasi, sezvo dzaive nzvimbo dzekutanga pakagadzwa michina iyi, zvinonzwisisika nekuiswa kwemimwe michina mikuru yemhepo (isina kufanira kusvika kune anogona kuiswa pagungwa. , nekuda kwekukanganisa kwenzvimbo kwavanogona kuburitsa mune dzimwe nzvimbo).
Kana zviri zvekuiswa mugungwa, izvo munhu wese zvaanobvumirana nazvo kuisa zvishandiso zvesimba rakanyanya kugona.
Sezvo magetsi kubva kumhepo ari makwikwi kwazvo Nezvinhu zvakajairika masosi, zviwanikwa zvinowanikwa kuti zviongorore mairi zvakakwirira kwazvo, saka kuzadzikiswa kwechinyorwa chitsva mune ramangwana hakurambwe. pfupi.
Ndiani achatevera munhangemutange?