Iyo nzira ye pyrolysis kana pyrolytic, inozivikanwawo, inzira iyo kuparara kwebiomass kunobudiswa nechiito chekupisa pasina kudiwa kweokisijeni, ndiko kuti, inoitika mumhepo yakaoma zvachose. Zvigadzirwa zvakaumbwa semugumisiro we pyrolysis zvinogona kuva zvakasimba, zvinwiwa uye magasi, uye zvinoenderana nezvigadzirwa zvakadai semarasha kana marasha, tara uye pakupedzisira zvinozivikanwa zvinogadzirwa gasi kana marasha mhute. Iyi nzira inogona kuitika yega muzvisikwa kana pamwe chete panguva yekupisa kana gasification.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve pyrolysis, maitiro ayo uye kukosha kwayo.
Mhando huru
Pyrolysis ndeye thermochemical kurapwa iyo Inogona kuiswa kune chero kabhoni-based organic chigadzirwa. Izvo zvinhu zvinoratidzirwa kune tembiricha yakakwira, mukushaikwa kweokisijeni, kune kemikari uye nemuviri zvakapatsanurwa kuita akasiyana mamorekuru.
Pyrolysis imhando ye thermolysis uye inogona kutsanangurwa sekuora kwekupisa iyo chinhu chinopinda mukusavapo kweokisijeni kana imwe mhando ye reagent. Kuora kwakaitika kunogona kukonzerwa neyakaomarara yakatevedzana yemakemikari maitiro uye kupisa uye hukuru hwekufambisa maitiro. Inogonawo kutsanangurwa sematanho anoitika kusati kwaitika gasification uye kupisa.
Kana ikaitika muchimiro chayo chakanyanyisa, kabhoni chete inosara sechinhu chasara, iyo inonzi charring. Kuburikidza nepyrolysis tinogona kuwana zvakasiyana-siyana zvechipiri zvigadzirwa zvinobatsira mumunda wehunyanzvi. Zvigadzirwa zvePyrolysis zvinogara zvichigadzira magasi akasimba akadai sekabhoni, zvinwiwa uye magasi asingadzoreki akadai seH2, CH4, CnHm, CO, CO2 uye N. Sezvo chikamu chemvura chinongoburitswa kubva mugasi repyrolysis panguva yekutonhora kwayo, hova mbiri dzegasi. inogona kushandiswa pamwechete mune mamwe maapplication apo inopisa syngas inopihwa yakananga kune inopisa kana oxidation kamuri.
Mhando dze pyrolysis
Kune marudzi maviri akasiyana epyrolysis zvichienderana nemamiriro emuviri maanoitwa:
- Aqueous pyrolysis: Iri izwi rinoshandiswa kana zvichidikanwa kureva pyrolysis inoitika pamberi pemvura, senge chipfunga chakatsemuka chemafuta kana thermal depolymerization yema organic residues mumafuta anorema asina kuchena.
- Vacuum pyrolysis: Iyi mhando yevacuum pyrolysis inosanganisira kudziyisa organic zvinhu muvacuum kuti uwane yakaderera mapoinzi ekuvira uye kudzivirira kusingafadzi kuita kemikari.
Nzira iyo pyrolysis inoitika yakakamurwa kuita matanho matatu, sezvinotevera:
- Muchikamu chekutanga pane kunonoka kuora nekugadzirwa kwemvura shoma; oxides of carbon, hydrogen uye methane. Kuparara uku kunoitika semugumisiro wekuputsika kwezvisungo nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya kwemaitiro uye kusunungurwa kwemagasi akavharirwa mumarasha.
- Danho rechipiri rinonzi inoshanda thermal decomposition stage. Tembiricha inokwira panguva iyi uye mamorekuru ekabhoni anoputsika zvakanyanya, achigadzira condensable hydrocarbons uye tara. Ichi chikamu chinotanga pa 360º C uye chinopera kana chasvika tembiricha inosvika 560º C.
- Danho rekupedzisira rinoitika pakupisa kuri pamusoro pe600ºC uye rinoonekwa nekunyangarika zvishoma nezvishoma kwehydrogen nemamwe maheteroatom.
Chii chinoshandiswa pyrolysis mukicheni?
Patinenge tiri mukicheni, tinofanira kuva nezvishandiso zvinodiwa kuti upenyu hwedu huve nyore, uye kuva nehovhoni yemazuva ano ndiyo yakanakira izvozvo. Ikozvino kune huwandu hwevheni dzine basa rekuzvichenesa, rinonzi pyrolysis ovens, iro basa guru nderokukwanisa kuzvichenesa.
Mhando yehovhoni iyi Vanokwanisa kusimudza tembiricha kusvika 500 ° C, kuodza zvakasara zvechikafu mukati, kuvashandura kuva mupfunga kana madota, uyewo kubvisa kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi mushure mekubika mukati mechoto. Kureva kuti, zvokudya zvinosara, nokuda kwokupisa kwakakwirira, zvinoshandura zvinhu zvoupenyu kuva carbon dioxide, iyo, kana yashandurwa kuva mvura, inobuda; saizvozvowo, inorganic matter inoshanduka kuita madota kana yaiswa kune tembiricha iyoyo.
Iyi nzira inogona kutora kubva pa1 kusvika kumaawa mana., zvichienderana nekuchena kwepurogiramu, pamagumo tinongochenesa ovheni nemucheka wakasviba uye tinounganidza madota. Nenzira iyi, kushandiswa kwemishonga yemakemikari inogona kukuvadza kune hutano nekufamba kwenguva inobviswa.
Benefits mumavheni uye kukosha kwezvakatipoteredza
Kuva nehovhoni inotibvumira kuchengetedza nguva nemari, kuita pyrolysis kunounza zvinotevera zvinobatsira:
- Pasina mubvunzo, bhenefiti huru ibasa rekuzvichenesa.
- Iyo ndeye ecological sezvo inoderedza kushandiswa kwemakemikari zvigadzirwa kuchenesa ovheni.
- Zvinoenderana nemutengo wemagetsi Calculator yeNational Energy Commission, mutengo wemagetsi wakaderera nekuti unodya chete 0,39 masendi.
- Yakagadzirwa nemhando yepamusoro zvinhu zvekudzivirira fenicha kubva pakupisa kwakanyanya.
- Kana choto chasvika tembiricha ye500 °C, makiyi egonhi rehovhoni nehovhoni zvinozvichenesa kuti zvidzivirire tsaona.
- Iwo akanyanya kugadzikana uye anoshanda kupfuura echinyakare ovheni.
- Inogona kurongwa kuti itange pyrolysis pane dzimwe nguva apo magetsi emagetsi akaderera.
Pyrolysis yakakosha nekuti inobatsira kudzora kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunoenderana nekupisa.. Inobatsirawo kuderedza huwandu hwemarara anouya uye chizvarwa chemarara asina hutachiona, izvo zvinowedzera hupenyu hwemarara uye zvinovandudza kunaka kwemarara. Chekupedzisira, iri zvakare nzira yekushandura chikamu chemarara kuita mafuta anochengeteka uye anotakurika.
Nezve pyrolysis ye lignin, zvakare chikamu chehuni, inogadzira zvinonhuhwirira zvinonhuhwirira uye yakakwirira kabhoni yemukati, inenge 55% munyaya ye cellulose uye 20% munyaya yemafuta ehuni, 15% tara yasara uye 10% gasi.
Muchiitiko chekuti biomass yesango yakasvibiswa, zvimiro zvayo zvine mhedzisiro yakakosha pane inogadzirwa chigadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, basa rehunyoro nderekudzikisa goho rekuchajisa nekuti kupisa kunodiwa kuti mvura inyungudise pamwe nekubudisa kabhoni inofefetera kupfuura apo biomass ine mwando wakaderera. Naizvozvo, zvinokurudzirwa kuti hunyoro hwebiomass huve pedyo ne10%. Kuwanda kweiyo yekutanga feedstock kunokanganisawo kunaka kwekabhoni iyo ichaumbwa nepyrolysis, uye masaga emasango anokurudzirwa kune yakakwira mhando kabhoni.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve pyrolysis uye maitiro ayo.