Nguva dzese patinenge tine padhuze uye nemikana yakawanda yekutsiva masimba ezvekushomeka neanowedzerwazve. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nenyika dzekuchamhembe kweEurope, uye kwete kusimudza iyo mafuta rig sekutanga kwavakaita muma 70s, asi kutora mukana wakazara wesimba remhepo.
Izvi ndozvazvakaita neHywind Scotland, yepurazi rekutanga remhepo riri kumahombekombe, rakavakwa nekambani yeNorway yeruzhinji yemafuta Statoil mukubatana nekambani ye simba rinowedzeredzwa kubva kuUnited Arab Emirates Masdar. Iyo, mazuva mashoma apfuura, akatanga kushanda mumvura dzeNorth Sea, muBuchan Deep, makiromita makumi maviri nemashanu kubva kuguta reScotland rePeterhead.
Inoyerera mhepo purazi
Dambudziko nemhepo yemhepo yekumahombekombe iri kupokana nekudzika kwegungwa. Sekureva kweanoshanda Statoil, inosvika makumi masere muzana yenzvimbo dzinogona kuva nemhepo kumahombekombe dziri mumvura dzakadzika kupfuura 80 metres. Iwo akasarudzika maturbine anogara iwo mapurazi emhepo ekumahombekombe Iwo anongori akakwana pakadzika kwete anopfuura makumi mashanu emamita, asi kune epurazi remhepo rinoyangarara, izvi zvivakwa zvinofambisa kubatwa kwesimba munzvimbo dzakadzika kupfuura anopfuura mazana mashanu emamita. Iwo mashanu ma turbine akaisirwa muchirongwa chekutanga nechisimbiso cheHywind ane 50 metres kumusoro, ayo 500 ari pazasi pechiso.
Sekureva kwevakuru vanoverengeka veStatoil, "Kuvaka nekusimudzira chirongwa ichi, icho chakatanga makore gumi nemashanu apfuura, chakaitwa zvizere sezvakange zvakarongwa. Pfungwa ye Hywind Scotland Izvo zvinoenderana nekuratidzwa kwemutyairi anotenderera turbine yatakaisa muna2009 kumucheto kweKarmøy kumadokero kweNorway. Takashandisa ruzivo rwechirongwa ichocho, tichichinja chiyero cheinjini yekutanga kubva pamamegawati e2,3 kuenda pa6 MW, izvo zvakakanganisa kukura kwese ”.
Project
El project mairi pachayo, yakapfuura mamirioni mazana maviri emaeuro, inovhara nharaunda yemakiromita gumi nemashanu emakiromita. Kuti uwane zano reiyo shongwe diviIzvo zvakaringana kuziva kuti mukati megondolas, chinhu chakanangana nekutsigira michina ye turbine uye kutenderera kutevedzera mafambiro emhepo, inokwana mabhazi maviri kakapetwa kaviri Londoners, uye kuti iwo ma rotor mashizha, akajairwa akanongedzwa turbine maoko, 75 metres pakureba uye 25 matani pakurema, ane angangoita mapapiro eAirbus 380.
Chinetso chikuru chekuvaka chave chekuisa pamwechete magetsi emhepo, imwe neimwe ichirema matani gumi nemaviri. Nezve kuungana kwemhepo shanu turbines, yakaitwa muNorway ino mwaka wezhizha, zvaive zvakakodzera kuti utore kune imwe yekranes marinas akakurisa pasirese, the Saipem 7000, vakapihwa basa rekuvaswededza kunzvimbo yavo yekupedzisira kumahombekombe ePeterhead.
Nekuda kwehukuru hwayo, kunamira kwave kuri iro rimwe dambudziko. Kusunga shongwe, vhiki mbiri dzekukweva zvimiso dzakashandiswa (matatu kweturu imwe neimwe), 16 mita kureba uye kuyerwa Matani 300, yakabatana nemhepo turbines nemaketani emamoori 2.400 metres pakureba uye 1.200 matani pakurema.
Iyi purazi remhepo rinoyangarara rine chinzvimbo cheMWM mazana matatu, izvo zvinoita kuti ikwanise kupa simba kudzimba zviuru makumi maviri.
Zvinangwa zvemberi
Chinangwa chevashandisi vekumisikidza, avo vanoronga kusvika 500 kana 1000 MW mumapurojekiti emangwana, kugadzira simba remhepo mutengo-unokwikwidza. “Muna 2030 tinoda kuti simba remagetsi epurazi remhepo rinoyangarara reHywind ridzikiswe kusvika pa40-60 euros / megawatt hour. Mhepo inovhuvhuta yemahombekombe inotarisirwa kuita basa rakakosha mukukura kwemhepo kugungwa mune ramangwana ", akazivisa mupepanhau Irene Rummelhoff, mutevedzeri mutevedzeri wemutungamiriri wenzvimbo yekutengesa yeNew Energy Solutions kuStatoil, kambani inotora chikamu mu50% yepurazi remhepo kumahombekombe eArkona kuGerman, ichatanga inoshanda mu2019, uye mu40% yeiyo ramangwana kuvaka kwe162MW Apodi kuisirwa kwezuva muBrazil.
Gurukota reMagetsi eScotland, Nicola Sturgeon anopemberera pamwe nehurumende kuvhurwa kwepurazi remhepo idzva rinoyangarara, rinozovatendera kuti "vatungamire rudzi rwenyika kukudziridza chizvarwa chinotevera chemahombekombe emhepo ekunze "
Kupikiswa
Kunyangwe, Hywind Scotland yawana iyo kupikiswa yenharaunda yakabatana Bird Charity RSPB Scotland, kupokana nekuitwa kwemabhizimusi emhepo-ekuyera mumapazi emvura ekumabvazuva e Scotland izvo zvinotyisidzira, sekureva kwesangano iri, nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza kwehupenyu hwemhando dzakasiyana dzeshiri dzegungwa.
