La photosynthesis ikemikari nzira inodiwa pakurarama panyika yedu sezvatinoiziva. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo zvirimwa zvichiri kuenda kuumba kabhoni dhaikisaidhi mumhepo ichipinda muokisijeni. Imhaka yeokisijeni iyi kuti zvipenyu zvese zvepanyika zvinogona kugara pasi.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza kuti chii chinonzi photosynthesis, chii hunhu hwayo uye kukosha kwayo.
Chii chinonzi photosynthesis
Kuparadzwa kwemasango kwaita kuti pave kushoma uye kushomeka kwekabhoni uye kuwedzera kuburitsa gasi regreenhouse, zvichitungamira kudziya kwemhepo uye kunyanya kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Mumamiriro ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kukosha kwe photosynthesis kunowedzera.
Ndiyo imwe yeakakosha biochemical maitiro pasi pano nekuti inosanganisira kugadzirwa kwe organic nutrients inochengeta chiedza chezuva mune akasiyana mamorekuru anobatsira (carbohydrates). Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, zita rayo rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki rokuti photo, "chiedza" uye "compound", "musanganiswa." Synthesized organic molecules inogona kushandiswa sesosi yemakemikari simba kutsigira maitiro akakosha akadai sekufema kwemasero uye metabolism.
Kuti zvirimwa zviite photosynthesize, kuvepo kwechlorophyll kunodikanwa, chlorophyll ndiyo ivara rinonzwa chiedza chezuva uye ivara rinopa zvirimwa ruvara rwakasiyana rwegirinhi. Rudzi urwu rwe pigment ruripo muma chloroplasts, anove akajairika ma cellular maumbirwo emhando dzakasiyana mumasero ezvirimwa.
Mhando dze photosynthesis
Zvidyarwa zvemumvura uye zvepanyika zvinogona kuita photosynthesize, asi mamwe marudzi ezvirimwa akadai semaferns, algae, uye mamwe mabhakitiriya akasununguka anogonawo kuita photosynthesize. Kuti vaite izvi, vane mafomu maviri:
- Oxygenic photosynthesis, Inogadzira shuga inobatsira yezvirimwa, inoshandisa carbon dioxide (CO2) uye inogadzira ne-chigadzirwa cheokisijeni (O2). Mhando iyi yakakosha pakufema nekuti inopesana nekutsinhana kwegasi.
- Anoxygenic Photosynthesis, rudzi rwephotosynthesis isingabudisi okisijeni (O2), asi inoshandisa chiedza chezuva kuputsa mamorekuru ehydrogen sulfide (H2S). Nenzira iyi, inoburitsa sarufa munzvimbo kana kuiunganidza mumabhakitiriya anogona kutakura sarufa.
Kuchinjana kwegasi kunoitika panguva yephotosynthesis kwakakosha kune zvipenyu nehupenyu. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti inobvumira kugadzirwa uye kutenderera kweiyo organic matter uye kugadzirisa kweinorganic matter.
Zvakanakira zvinomera zvepasi
Photosynthesis inzira yeneuralgia yehupenyu pasi pano. Nekuda kwechiedza, zvirimwa zvinotora kabhoni dhaikisaidhi (CO2) uye kuburitsa okisijeni mukati mezuva. Husiku, mamiriro acho anopesana, vanotora oxygen uye vanobudisa carbon dioxide. Izvi zvinosimudzira upenyu pasi pano nokutipa oxygen yatinoda kufema.
- Vanochengetedza kuenzana kwemagasi emuchadenga. Nekuda kwephotosynthesis, iyo okisijeni inopedzwa mukufema uye kupisa inogona kutsiviwa. Nenzira iyi, kuwedzera kwecarbon dioxide kunodziviswa.
- Ndivo musimboti wezvokudya wezvipenyu zvakawanda. Hupenyu hunotanga nezvinomera nekuti ndidzo tsime rekudya kwezvinhu zvipenyu (nenzira yakati) uye nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana anogara panyika.
- Vane mishonga yemishonga: Kubva makarekare, mishonga yakawanda yatinoshandisa yakabva mumiti. Makemikoro akawanda akatorwa mairi uye akashandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemishonga yakasiyana-siyana.
- Zvinoshandiswa sezvinhu zvekuvaka. Huni kana bamboo mimwe mienzaniso. Anogonawo kushandiswa kugadzira simba kuburikidza nekupisa kana kugadzira zvinhu zvakaita sepepa.
- Chengetedza ivhu. Kuora kwe organic matter (kunyanya zvirimwa) kunobvumira ivhu kuwana chikafu chinodiwa pakurima.
Mhuka uye photosynthesis
Isu tose tinoziva kuti photosynthesis inzira ine hukama nezvirimwa, izvo zvinozvisiyanisa kubva kumhuka. Zvisinei, kune mhuka dzine ukama hwepedyo dzinokwanisa kuita izvi.
Muenzaniso weizvi ndeuyu Elysia Chlorotica, inowanzozivikanwa seemerald slug. Ndiyo imwe yemhuka dzinoshamisa munyika uye dzinogara dzichigara kuNorth America, kunyanya pamhenderekedzo yeAtlantic. Emerald slug yakaita seshizha uye yakadzika girini, iyo inopesana zvakanyanya nemavara ayo machena kana matsvuku. Iyo yakafanana chaizvo nemashizha echero chirimwa, iyo inoita kuti camouflage chombo chayo chakanakisisa, chinenge chisingaonekwi nemaziso ezvikara zvayo.
Zvisinei, chimiro chemhuka iyi kukwanisa kwayo photosynthesis. Emerald slugs inodya pane yero algae, inobvisa ma chloroplasts kubva kwavari uye inoabatanidza mumasero ekugaya. Izvi zvinoipa kukwanisa kutora chiedza chezuva sechirimwa mukati mekukura. Iyi nzira inonzi kleptoplasty uye inogona kutora 9 kusvika 12 mwedzi.
Imwe mhuka ine chekuita nephotosynthesis icoral. Vanozviita nekuda kwealgae mumakorari. Nepo makorari achidzivirira algae, anoapa chikafu, izvo zvinozovabatsira kuverengera.
Ramangwana reNyika
Photosynthesis inotangwa senzira yechisikigo inogona kuchengetedza kuenzana kwepasi redu uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvainogara. Kuti uve nechokwadi cheramangwana repasi, mapapu ako anofanira kuchengetedzwa. Kana nzvimbo dzakaita seAmazon dzichiramba dzichiparadzwa, kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuchawedzera zvakanyanya uye kuisa hupenyu hwedu mungozi.
Kuchengeta zvirimwa zvedu muchimiro chakanaka zvinoreva kubatsira mukusimukira kwehupenyu. Miti yedu ine basa rekuchengetedza kuenzana kwemagasi emuchadenga, asi ndiwo zvakare hwaro hwekudya hwezvipenyu zvakawanda. Hupenyu hunotanga nezvinomera, zvese zvatinodya, zvingave mhuka kana zvirimwa, ine hukama nezvisikwa izvi.
Kwemamiriyoni emakore, zvinomera zvave zvichiita izvi, izvo zvinoita kuti mhepo yedu izadze neokisijeni yakawanda kwazvo, zvichiita kuti ozone layer. Pasina iwo, mwaranzi yezuva yaisagona kusika upenyu hwepanyika panyika yedu.
Mukuwedzera, zvinomera zvinodzivirira kunaka kwevhu redu. Nokudaro, kutemwa kwemasango ndiro dambudziko guru rinokonzerwa ne dambudziko remamiriro ekunze kuderedza kukwanisa kwezvirimwa uye miti kuti itore carbon dioxide. Kana tikasakwanisa kudzosera mamiriro ezvinhu anonetsa aya, kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunozopedzisira kwachinja hupenyu hwezvinhu zvipenyu zvedu zvoita kuti pasi redu risagarike.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve photosynthesis uye kukosha kwayo.